Invalid subtaxa: Spirifera paucicostata Sowerby 1844 [nomen vanum], Spirifera trapezoidalis Sowerby 1844 [nomen vanum], Spirifera vespertilio Sowerby 1844 [nomen vanum]
Full reference: W. Waagen. 1883. Productus Limestone Fossils, Part IV, fas. 2. Salt Range Fossils, Palaeontologia Indica, Series 13 1(4):391-546
Parent taxon: Spiriferida according to A. Williams et al. 2006
Sister taxa: Artospirifer, Boucotia, Callicalyptella, Colongina, Costanoplia, Cratospirifer, Crinisaria, Darbandia, Delthyridina, Donispirifer, Fimbrispiriferidae, Hollardiella, Iliella, Kalitvella, Kimatothyris, Luofuia, Notanoplia, Notoparmella, Ornothyrella, Paracomposita, Paracostanoplia, Paraplicanoplia, Pararhynchospirina, Parunicinella, Plicambocoelia, Plicanoplites, Plicatosyrinx, Pustulatia, Rariella, Septaparmella, Serrulatrypa, Sikasella, Tangxiangia, Tegulispirifer, Turganiella, Weibeia, Xenospirifer
Subtaxa: Adolfioidea, Ambocoelioidea, Brachythyridoidea, Cyrtioidea, Cyrtospiriferoidea, Delthyridacea, Martinioidea, Paeckelmanelloidea, Spiriferoidea, Theodossioidea
Ecology: stationary epifaunal suspension feeder