Reptilia - Sphenisciformes - Spheniscidae

Full reference: G. G. Simpson. 1946. Fossil Penguins. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 87(1):1-100

Parent taxon: Spheniscidae according to P. Brodkorb 1963

Sister taxa: Anthropodyptes, Anthropornis, Archaeospheniscus, Arthrodytes, Dege, Delphinornis, Duntroonornis, Eretiscus, Eudyptes, Eudyptula, Inguza, Korora, Madrynornis, Marambiornis, Marplesornis, Megadyptes, Mesetaornis, Nucleornis, Pachydyptes, Palaeeudyptes, Palaeeudyptinae, Palaeospheniscinae, Palaeospheniscus, Paraptenodytes, Paraptenodytinae, Platydyptes, Pseudaptenodytes, Pygoscelis, Spheniscus, Tereingaornis, Tonniornis, Wimanornis

Subtaxa: Aptenodytes

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Ecology: ground dwelling carnivore