†subkingdom Biliphyta Cavalier-Smith 1981
Parent taxon: Eukaryota according to W. H. Blackwell 2004
Sister taxa: Amoebozoa, Animalia, Archaeplastida, Chlorobiota, Chromalveolata, Excavata, Fungi, Opisthokonta, Plantae, Protozoa, Rhizaria, Rhizopodea, Stramenopila, Pareodinia, Meiourogonyaulax, Ctenidodinium, Mendicodinium, Dapcodinium, Paragonyaulacysta, Ambonosphaera, Subtilisphaera, Dichadogonyaulax, Chrysophyta, Actinopoda, Heterokontophyta
Subtaxa: Rhodophyta