Trilobita - Ptychopariida - Olenidae
Parent taxon: Olenidae according to P. A. Jell and J. M. Adrain 2003
Sister taxa: Acerocare, Acerocarina, Aciculolenus, Angelina, Apoplanias, Balnibarbiinae, Beltella, Boeckaspis, Chekiangaspis, Ctenopyge, Highgatella, Huangshiaspis, Hypermecaspidinae, Hypermecaspis, Inkouia, Jujuyaspis, Leiobienvillia, Leptobenthos, Leptoplastides, Leptoplastinae, Neolenus, Oleninae, Olenus, Parabolinella, Parabolinina, Parabolinites, Paraplicatolina, Peltocare, Peltura, Pelturinae, Plicatolininae, Prohedinella, Protopeltura, Rhodonaspis, Saltaspis, Sphaerophthalmella, Sphaerophthalmus, Westergaardites, Westergardia, Wujiajiania
Subtaxa: Parabolina argentina, Parabolina kobayashii, Parabolina monstruosa, Parabolina pheidolopyge
Ecology: fast-moving low-level epifaunal carnivore