Chondrichthyes - Batoidea

Parent taxon: Batoidea according to J. A. Long 2011

Sister taxa: Cederstroemia, Cretascyllium, Pristiformes, Rajiformes, Rhinobatoidea, Torpediniformes

Subtaxa: Bates, Ceratopteridae, Dasyatidae, Dasyatoidea, Eomanta, Gymnuridae, Mobuloidea, Myliobatoidea, Ptychacanthus, Texabatis, Turoniabatis, Urolophidae

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Ecology: nektobenthic carnivore