Reptilia - Sphenisciformes - Spheniscidae

Alternative spelling: Insuza

Full reference: G. G. Simpson. 1975. Notes on variation in penguins and on fossil penguins from the Pliocene of Langebaanweg, Cape Province, South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 69(4):59-72

Parent taxon: Spheniscidae according to S. L. Olson 1985

Sister taxa: Anthropodyptes, Anthropornis, Archaeospheniscus, Arthrodytes, Dege, Delphinornis, Duntroonornis, Eretiscus, Eudyptes, Eudyptula, Korora, Madrynornis, Marambiornis, Marplesornis, Megadyptes, Mesetaornis, Nucleornis, Pachydyptes, Palaeeudyptes, Palaeeudyptinae, Palaeospheniscinae, Palaeospheniscus, Paraptenodytes, Paraptenodytinae, Platydyptes, Pseudaptenodytes, Pygoscelis, Spheniscinae, Spheniscus, Tereingaornis, Tonniornis, Wimanornis

Subtaxa: Inguza predemersus

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Type: Spheniscus predemersus

Ecology: ground dwelling carnivore