Reptilia - Sphenisciformes - Spheniscidae

Full reference: G. G. Simpson. 1972. Pliocene penguins from North Canterbury, New Zealand. Records of the Canterbury Museum 9(2):159-182

Parent taxon: Spheniscidae according to G. G. Simpson 1972

Sister taxa: Anthropodyptes, Anthropornis, Archaeospheniscus, Arthrodytes, Dege, Delphinornis, Duntroonornis, Eretiscus, Eudyptes, Eudyptula, Inguza, Korora, Madrynornis, Marambiornis, Megadyptes, Mesetaornis, Nucleornis, Pachydyptes, Palaeeudyptes, Palaeeudyptinae, Palaeospheniscinae, Palaeospheniscus, Paraptenodytes, Paraptenodytinae, Platydyptes, Pseudaptenodytes, Pygoscelis, Spheniscinae, Spheniscus, Tereingaornis, Tonniornis, Wimanornis

Subtaxa: Marplesornis novaezealandiae

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Type: Palaeospheniscus novaezealandiae

Ecology: ground dwelling carnivore