Reptilia - Sphenisciformes - Spheniscidae

Full reference: G. G. Simpson. 1970. Miocene penguins from Victoria, Australia, and Chubut, Argentina. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria 31:17-24

Parent taxon: Spheniscidae according to T. Park and E. M. G. Fitzgerald 2012

Sister taxa: Anthropodyptes, Anthropornis, Archaeospheniscus, Arthrodytes, Dege, Delphinornis, Duntroonornis, Eretiscus, Eudyptes, Eudyptula, Inguza, Korora, Madrynornis, Marambiornis, Marplesornis, Megadyptes, Mesetaornis, Nucleornis, Pachydyptes, Palaeeudyptes, Palaeeudyptinae, Palaeospheniscinae, Palaeospheniscus, Paraptenodytes, Paraptenodytinae, Platydyptes, Pygoscelis, Spheniscinae, Spheniscus, Tereingaornis, Tonniornis, Wimanornis

Subtaxa: Pseudaptenodytes macraei, Pseudaptenodytes minor

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Ecology: ground dwelling carnivore