Full reference: E. Haeckel. 1866. Generelle Morphologie der Organismen, Allgemeine Grundzuge der Organischen Formen-Wissenschaft, Mechanisch Begründet Durch die von Charles Darwin Reformirte Descendez-Theorie. Verlag von Georg Reimer, Berlin CLX-462
Parent taxon: Aves according to B. C. Livezey and R. L. Zusi 2007
Sister taxa: Accipitriformes, Aegotheliformes, Aletornis, Avimimiformes, Avipedidae, Callaeidae, Chaoyangornithidae, Charadriiformes, Colymbiformes, Emeidae, Eoaves, Eremopezidae, Gansuiformes, Gastornithiformes, Hwangsanipes, Ignotornidae, Jeholornithiformes, Jindongornipodidae, Koreanornipodidae, Liaoxiornithidae, Manu, Meliphagidae, Metornithes, Monarchidae, Mystiornithiformes, Neornithes, Odontornithes, Omnivoropterygiformes, Ornithothoraces, Palaeoaves, Pangalliformes, Pansphenisciformes, Petroicidae, Proornis, Protoaviformes, Pygostylia, Rahona, Sapeornithiformes, Shandongornipodidae, Sphenisciformes, Stereornithes, Struthiones, Tatarornipes, Trisauropodiscidae, Tshulia, Tubinares, Turnagridae, Uhangrichnus, Zhongjianornis, Zhongornis
Subtaxa: Ambiortus, Apatornis, Apsaravis, Archaeovolans, Carinatae, Chaoyangia, Chaoyangiformes, Chaoyangornithiformes, Gansus, Gobipterygiformes, Guildavis, Hesperornis, Iaceornis, Jianchangornis, Liaoningornithiformes, Odontoholcae, Odontoholomorphae, Otogornis, Qinornis, Schizooura, Songlingornithidae, Yanornithiformes, Yixianornithiformes
Ecology: ground dwelling carnivore