Parent taxon: Lichida according to H. B. Whittington et al. 1997
Sister taxa: Akantharges, Brutonia, Ceratolichas, Craspedarges, Damesellidae, Eifliarges, Gaspelichas, Hopolichoides, Jasperia, Leiolichas, Lichakephalidae, Lichakephalina, Lichidae, Lyralichas, Metaleiolichas, Nipponarges, Nonix, Odontopleuroidea, Otarozoum, Paraleolichas, Rontrippia, Tsunylichas, Uripes
Subtaxa: Acidaspidinae, Acidaspis, Anacaenaspis, Apianurinae, Borkopleura, Ceratocephala, Ceratocephalinae, Ceratonurus, Chlustinia, Dicranurus, Dudleyaspis, Eoleonaspis, Exallaspis, Gaotania, Hispaniaspis, Isoprusia, Ivanopleura, Koneprusia, Koneprusiinae, Laethoprusia, Leonaspis, Meadowtownella, Miraspis, Odontopleurinae, Orphanaspis, Primaspis, Proceratocephala, Selenopeltis, Selenopeltoides, Stelckaspis, Taemasaspis, Uriarra, Whittingtonia
Ecology: fast-moving low-level epifaunal carnivore