Full reference: R. M. Finks, R. E. H. Reid, and J. K. Rigby. 2004. Porifera (Demospongea, Hexactinellida, Heteractinida, Calcarea). Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Part E, Revised E(3):1-872
Parent taxon: Demospongea according to J. K. Rigby and P. von Bitter 2005
Sister taxa: Aplysinofibra, Astrophorida, Ceractinomorpha, Chaetetida, Choristida, Clavulina, Coniculospongia, Consinocodium, Dictyoceratida, Epipolasida, Ginkgospongia, Guadalupiida, Haplosclerida, Homoscleromorpha, Ichnospongia, Incrustospongia, Infexiostella, Janussenia, Karatubulus, Lithistida, Metschnikowia, Offella, Operculospongia, Paraaplysinofibria, Permosphincta, Poecilosclerida, Protohyalostelia, Reniera, Riasanospongia, Sphaeriella, Tabasiidae, Tabulospongida, Tetractinomorpha, Trichospongia, Verongiida, Verticillitida
Subtaxa: Choiidae, Halichondritidae, Hamptoniidae, Hazeliidae, Leptomitidae, Lobatospongia, Piraniidae, Sollasellidae, Takakkawiidae, Tethyidae, Ulospongiellidae, Wapkiidae
Ecology: stationary intermediate-level epifaunal suspension feeder