Parent taxon: Protista according to A. B. Smith and J. Xu 1988

Sister taxa: Amoebozoa, Animalia, Archaeplastida, Biliphyta, Chlorobiota, Chromalveolata, Excavata, Fungi, Opisthokonta, Plantae, Protozoa, Rhizaria, Rhizopodea, Stramenopila, Pareodinia, Meiourogonyaulax, Ctenidodinium, Mendicodinium, Dapcodinium, Paragonyaulacysta, Ambonosphaera, Subtilisphaera, Chrysophyta, Actinopoda, Heterokontophyta

Subtaxa: none