Rhynchonellata - Spiriferida

Full reference: W. Waagen. 1883. Productus Limestone Fossils, Part IV, fas. 2. Salt Range Fossils, Palaeontologia Indica, Series 13 1(4):391-546

Parent taxon: Spiriferidina according to A. Williams et al. 2006

Sister taxa: Adolfioidea, Ambocoelioidea, Brachythyridoidea, Cyrtioidea, Cyrtospiriferoidea, Delthyridacea, Paeckelmanelloidea, Spiriferoidea, Theodossioidea

Subtaxa: Crassumbidae, Elythynidae, Gerkispiridae, Ingelarellidae, Martiniidae, Perissothyrididae, Tenellodermidae

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Ecology: stationary epifaunal suspension feeder