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Ornithischia (ornithischian)

Taxonomy

Ornithischia was named by Seeley (1888). It was considered unknown by Zheng et al. (2012) and monophyletic by Nesbitt (2011) and Paul (2013).

It was synonymized subjectively with Orthopoda by Hay (1902); it was reranked as the suborder Ornithischia by Young (1935); it was reranked as the superorder Ornithischia by Cooper (1985) and Watabe et al. (2011); it was reranked as the unranked clade Ornithischia by Gauthier and Padian (1985), Gauthier (1986), Brinkman and Sues (1987), Gauthier et al. (1989), Novas (1989), Benton (1990), Buffetaut and Ingavat (1992), Novas (1993), Sereno et al. (1993), Novas (1996), Sereno (1997), Sereno (1998), Sereno (1999), Langer and Benton (2006), Ezcurra (2006), Martínez and Alcober (2009), Zheng et al. (2009), Nesbitt (2011), Jasinski and Sullivan (2011), Shibata et al. (2011), Zheng et al. (2012), Carrano (2013) and Evans et al. (2013).

It was assigned to Archosauromorpha by Huene (1948); to Reptilia by Seeley (1888), Sternberg (1954) and Estes (1964); to Archosauria by Haughton and Brink (1954), Romer (1966), Haubold (1971), Thulborn (1975) and Thurmond and Jones (1981); to Ornithischiformes by Cooper (1985); to Archosauria by Romer (1956), Ostrom (1980) and Carroll (1988); to Dinosauria by Seeley (1888), Seeley (1888), Huene (1909), Lull (1915), Young (1935), Zhao (1983) and Long and Murry (1995); to Dinosauria by Peng et al. (2001); to Dinosauria by Gauthier and Padian (1985), Gauthier (1986), Brinkman and Sues (1987), Gauthier et al. (1989), Novas (1989), Benton (1990), Buffetaut and Ingavat (1992), Novas (1993), Sereno et al. (1993), Novas (1996), Sereno (1997), Sereno (1998), Sereno (1999), Langer and Benton (2006), Ezcurra (2006), Martínez and Alcober (2009), Zheng et al. (2009), Nesbitt (2011), Jasinski and Sullivan (2011), Watabe et al. (2011), Shibata et al. (2011), Zheng et al. (2012) and Evans et al. (2013); to Dinosauria by Cruzado-Caballero et al. (2010) and Paul (2013); and to Eudinosauria by Novas (1992) and Carrano (2013).

Sister taxa

Harpagosauria, Therosauria

Download authority and opinion data - View classification of included taxa

Synonyms

Trimucrodon was named by Thulborn (1975).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Norman et al. (2004).

It was assigned to Ornithischia by Norman (1984) and Sereno (1991); to Fabrosauridae by Thulborn (1975), Galton (1978), Galton (1980), Galton (1983), Milner and Norman (1984), Carroll (1988), Galton (1991) and Galton (1994); and to Heterodontosauridae by Ruiz-Omeñaca (2000).
Fabrosaurus was named by Ginsburg (1964).

It was synonymized subjectively with Lesothosaurus by Milner and Norman (1984); it was considered a nomen dubium by Charig and Crompton (1974); it was considered a nomen dubium by Sereno (1991); it was considered a nomen dubium by Knoll and Battail (2001), Norman et al. (2004) and Butler (2005).

It was assigned to Scelidosauridae by Ginsburg (1964); to Hypsilophodontidae by Thulborn (1970), Thulborn (1972) and Maryanska and Osmolska (1974); to Fabrosauridae by Thulborn (1971), Galton (1972), Galton (1973), Thulborn (1974), Galton (1974), Galton (1974), Thulborn (1975), Bonaparte (1976), Santa Luca et al. (1976), Thuborn (1978), Galton (1978), Olsen and Galton (1984), Santa Luca (1984), Battail (1986) and Carroll (1988); and to Ornithischia by Ellenberger (1970) and Hunt and Lucas (1994).
Gongbusaurus was named by Dong et al. (1983).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Norman et al. (2004).

It was assigned to Fabrosauridae by Dong et al. (1983) and Carroll (1988); and to Hypsilophodontidae by Dong (1989) and Dong (1992).
Notoceratops was named by Tapia (1919). Its type is Notoceratops bonarelli.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Dodson and Currie (1990); it was considered a nomen dubium by Dodson et al. (2004).

It was assigned to Ceratopsidae by Tapia (1919), Huene (1931), Romer (1956), Kuhn (1964) and Casamiquela (1964); to Protoceratopsidae by Huene (1950), Romer (1966) and Bonaparte (1986); to Hadrosauridae by Molnar (1980) and Carroll (1988); and to Ceratopsia by Bonaparte and Powell (1980) and Bonaparte (1996).
Amtosaurus was named by Kurzanov and Tumanova (1978). Its type is Amtosaurus magnus. It was considered monophyletic by Vickaryous et al. (2004).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Carpenter (2001); it was considered a nomen dubium by Parish and Barrett (2004).

It was assigned to Ankylosaurinae by Tumanova (1987); to Syrmosaurinae by Ford (2000); to Ankylosauridae by Carroll (1988), Tumanova (2000) and Averianov (2002); and to Ankylosauria by Vickaryous et al. (2004).
Notoceratops bonarelli was named by Tapia (1919). Its type specimen is DNM (lost), a mandible, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is northwest of Lago Colhué Huapí, which is in a Senonian terrestrial horizon in Argentina. It is the type species of Notoceratops.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Dodson and Currie (1990); it was misspelled as Notoceratops bonarellii by Bonaparte (1996); it was considered a nomen dubium by Dodson et al. (2004); it was misspelled as Notoceratops bonarellii by Ibiricu et al. (2010).
Gongbusaurus shiyii was named by Dong et al. (1983). Its type specimen is IVPP V9069-1, 9069-2 and is not a trace fossil. Its type locality is IVPP Rong H6-2, Duxin, Rongxian, which is in an Oxfordian terrestrial horizon in the Shangshaximiao Formation of China.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Norman et al. (2004) and Ruiz-Omeñaca et al. (2010).
Fabrosaurus australis was named by Ginsburg (1964). Its type specimen is MNHN LES9 and is not a trace fossil. Its type locality is north flank, Likhoele Mountain (MNHN), which is in a Hettangian/Sinemurian terrestrial horizon in the Upper Elliot Formation of Lesotho.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Charig and Crompton (1974); it was considered a nomen dubium by Sereno (1991); it was considered a nomen dubium by Knoll and Battail (2001), Norman et al. (2004) and Butler (2005).
Amtosaurus magnus was named by Kurzanov and Tumanova (1978). Its type specimen is PIN 3780/2, a skull, and it is not a trace fossil. Its type locality is Amtgay (SMPE), which is in a Cenomanian/Turonian terrestrial horizon in the Baynshiree Formation of Mongolia. It is the type species of Amtosaurus. It was considered monophyletic by Vickaryous et al. (2004).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Carpenter (2001) and Parish and Barrett (2004).
Trimucrodon cuneatus was named by Thulborn (1975). Its type specimen is LPFU, a tooth, and it is not a trace fossil. Its type locality is Porto Pinheiro, Lourinha, which is in an Oxfordian/Kimmeridgian estuary/bay marl/mudstone in the Alcobaça Formation of Portugal.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Norman et al. (2004).
Alocodon was named by Thulborn (1975).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Norman et al. (2004).

It was assigned to Hypsilophodontidae by Galton (1991); to Ornithischia by Norman (1984) and Sereno (1991); and to Fabrosauridae by Thulborn (1975), Galton (1978), Milner and Norman (1984) and Antunes and Sigogneau-Russell (1991).
Alocodon kuehnei was named by Thulborn (1975). Its type specimen is LPFU P X 2, a tooth, and it is not a trace fossil. Its type locality is Pedrógão, which is in a Callovian terrestrial marl in Portugal.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Norman et al. (2004).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1888	Ornithischia Seeley
1909	Ornithischia Huene p. 16
1915	Ornithischia Lull p. 117
1919	Notoceratops Tapia p. 370
1919	Notoceratops bonarelli Tapia p. 370
1930	Notoceratops bonarelli Wiman p. 16
1931	Notoceratops Huene p. 197
1931	Notoceratops bonarelli Huene p. 197
1935	Ornithischia Young p. 5
1948	Ornithischia Huene p. 93
1950	Notoceratops Huene p. 351
1954	Ornithosuchia Haughton and Brink p. 4
1954	Ornithischia Sternberg p. 383
1956	Ornithischia Romer p. 624
1956	Notoceratops Romer p. 639
1964	Notoceratops Casamiquela
1964	Ornithischia Estes p. 144
1964	Fabrosaurus Ginsburg pp. 2366-2368
1964	Fabrosaurus australis Ginsburg p. 2367
1964	Notoceratops Kuhn p. 58
1964	Notoceratops bonarellii Kuhn p. 58
1966	Notoceratops Romer p. 370
1966	Ornithischia Romer p. 370
1970	Fabrosaurus Ellenberger p. 349
1970	Fabrosaurus australis Ellenberger p. 349
1970	Fabrosaurus australis Thulborn p. 414
1970	Fabrosaurus Thulborn p. 430
1971	Ornithischia Haubold p. 86
1971	Fabrosaurus Thulborn pp. 76-77
1972	Fabrosaurus Galton p. 465
1972	Fabrosaurus Thulborn p. 50
1972	Fabrosaurus australis Thulborn p. 50
1973	Fabrosaurus Galton p. 17
1974	Fabrosaurus Galton p. 150
1974	Fabrosaurus Maryanska and Osmolska p. 101
1974	Fabrosaurus australis Maryanska and Osmolska p. 101
1974	Fabrosaurus australis Thulborn p. 152
1974	Fabrosaurus Thulborn p. 171
1975	Alocodon Thulborn p. 90
1975	Alocodon kuehnei Thulborn p. 90
1975	Fabrosaurus australis Thulborn p. 99
1975	Trimucrodon Thulborn pp. 118-119
1975	Trimucrodon cuneatus Thulborn pp. 118-119 fig. 25
1975	Alocodon Thulborn p. 133
1975	Fabrosaurus Thulborn p. 133
1975	Trimucrodon Thulborn p. 133
1975	Ornithischia Thulborn p. 267
1976	Fabrosaurus Bonaparte p. 815
1976	Fabrosaurus Santa Luca et al. p. 324
1978	Fabrosaurus Galton p. 156
1978	Fabrosaurus australis Galton p. 156
1978	Trimucrodon Galton p. 159
1978	Alocodon Galton p. 230
1978	Amtosaurus magnus Kurzanov and Tumanova
1978	Amtosaurus Kurzanov and Tumanova p. 371 fig. 2
1978	Amtosaurus magnus Kurzanov and Tumanova p. 371 fig. 2
1978	Fabrosaurus Thuborn p. 187
1978	Fabrosaurus australis Thuborn p. 187
1980	Notoceratops Bonaparte and Powell p. 26
1980	Notoceratops bonarelli Bonaparte and Powell p. 26
1980	Trimucrodon Galton p. 88
1980	Notoceratops Molnar p. 137
1980	Notoceratops bonarelli Molnar p. 140
1980	Ornithischia Ostrom p. 22
1981	Ornithischia Thurmond and Jones p. 144
1983	Gongbusaurus Dong et al. pp. 94-95 figs. Pl. 43:6-8
1983	Gongbusaurus shiyii Dong et al. p. 94 figs. Pl. 43:6-8
1983	Trimucrodon Galton p. 11
1983	Trimucrodon cuneatus Galton p. 11
1983	Ornithischia Zhao p. 295
1984	Alocodon Milner and Norman p. 146
1984	Trimucrodon Milner and Norman p. 146
1984	Alocodon Norman p. 342
1984	Trimucrodon Norman p. 342
1984	Fabrosaurus Olsen and Galton p. 91
1984	Fabrosaurus australis Olsen and Galton p. 91
1984	Fabrosaurus Santa Luca
1985	Ornithischia Cooper p. 284
1985	Ornithischia Gauthier and Padian pp. 189-190 fig. 2
1986	Fabrosaurus Battail p. 50
1986	Notoceratops Bonaparte p. 90
1986	Notoceratops bonarelli Bonaparte p. 90
1986	Ornithischia Gauthier p. 44
1987	Ornithischia Brinkman and Sues p. 502 fig. 7
1987	Amtosaurus Tumanova
1987	Amtosaurus magnus Tumanova
1988	Amtosaurus Carroll
1988	Fabrosaurus Carroll
1988	Gongbusaurus Carroll
1988	Notoceratops Carroll
1988	Ornithischia Carroll
1988	Trimucrodon Carroll
1989	Gongbusaurus Dong
1989	Gongbusaurus shiyii Dong
1989	Ornithischia Gauthier et al. p. 346
1989	Ornithischia Novas p. 686 fig. 2
1990	Ornithischia Benton p. 19
1991	Alocodon Antunes and Sigogneau-Russell p. 113
1991	Alocodon Galton p. 300
1991	Alocodon kuehnei Galton p. 300
1991	Trimurodon Galton p. 300
1991	Trimurodon cuneatus Galton p. 300
1991	Alocodon Sereno pp. 172-173
1991	Alocodon kuehnei Sereno pp. 172-173
1991	Trimucrodon Sereno pp. 172-173
1991	Trimucrodon cuneatus Sereno pp. 172-173
1992	Ornithischia Buffetaut and Ingavat
1992	Gongbusaurus Dong p. 165
1992	Gongbusaurus shiyii Dong p. 165
1992	Ornithischia Novas pp. 59-60 fig. 6
1993	Ornithischia Novas p. 110
1993	Ornithischia Sereno et al. p. 65 fig. 2
1994	Trimucrodon cuneatus Galton p. 256
1994	Trimucrodon Galton p. 265
1994	Fabrosaurus Hunt and Lucas p. 238
1994	Fabrosaurus australis Hunt and Lucas p. 238
1995	Ornithischia Long and Murry p. 191
1996	Notoceratops bonarellii Bonaparte pp. 90-92
1996	Notoceratops Bonaparte p. 113
1996	Ornithischia Novas p. 737 fig. 10
1997	Ornithischia Sereno p. 443
1998	Ornithischia Sereno p. 61
1999	Ornithischia Sereno p. 2138 fig. 2
2000	Amtosaurus Ford p. 176
2000	Amtosaurus magnus Ford p. 176
2000	Trimucrodon Ruiz-Omeñaca p. 69
2000	Amtosaurus Tumanova p. 522
2000	Amtosaurus magnus Tumanova p. 522
2001	Ornithischia Peng et al. p. 33
2002	Amtosaurus Averianov
2004	Amtosaurus Vickaryous et al. p. 367
2004	Amtosaurus magnus Vickaryous et al. p. 367
2006	Ornithischia Ezcurra p. 657 fig. 3
2006	Ornithischia Langer and Benton pp. 345-347 fig. 15
2009	Ornithischia Martínez and Alcober p. 11 fig. 10
2009	Ornithischia Zheng et al. p. 333
2010	Ornithischia Cruzado-Caballero et al.
2010	Notoceratops bonarellii Ibiricu et al.
2011	Ornithischia Jasinski and Sullivan p. 202
2011	Ornithischia Nesbitt p. 210 fig. 52
2011	Ornithischia Shibata et al. p. 970
2011	Ornithischia Watabe et al. p. 490
2012	Ornithischia Zheng et al. p. 210
2013	Ornithischia Carrano p. 128
2013	Ornithischia Evans et al. p. 2
2013	Ornithischia Paul

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