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Ornithopoda (bird foot dinosaur)

Taxonomy

Ornithopoda was named by Marsh (1881). It was considered monophyletic by Butler et al. (2008) and Butler and Sullivan (2009) and unknown by Zheng et al. (2012).

It was reranked as the order Ornithopoda by Dollo (1882), Cooper (1985) and Bakker (1986); it was synonymized subjectively with Iguanodontoidea by Hay (1902); it was reranked as the unranked clade Ornithopoda by Sereno (1986), Sereno (1997), Sereno (1998), Sereno (1999), Rauhut (2003), Weishampel (2004), Sánchez-Hernández et al. (2007), Butler et al. (2007), Butler et al. (2008), Butler and Sullivan (2009), Shibata et al. (2011), Han et al. (2012) and Zheng et al. (2012).

It was assigned to Dinosauria by Dollo (1882) and Marsh (1884); to Predentata by Marsh (1894), Marsh (1895), Marsh (1896) and Hatcher (1901); to Dinosauria by Marsh (1881), Marsh (1882), Marsh (1885), Lydekker (1888), Sauvage (1896), Mansel-Pleydell (1902) and Sauvage (1914); to Orthopoda by Nopcsa (1923); to Ornithosuchia by Haughton and Brink (1954); to Orthopoda by Huene (1908), Lull (1912) and Lapparent (1960); to Ornithischia by Cooper (1985); to Euornithopoda by Sereno (1986); to Predentata by Bakker (1986); to Neornithischia by Sereno (1997), Sereno (1998) and Sereno (1999); to Genasauria by Sánchez-Hernández et al. (2007); to Ornithischia by Huene (1909), Huene (1914), Matthew (1915), Swinton (1936), Lapparent (1947), Huene (1948), Sternberg (1954), Romer (1956), Delair (1960), Kuhn (1964), Estes (1964), Simmons (1965), Romer (1966), Miller (1967), Swinton (1970), Haubold (1971), Thulborn (1977), Baird and Horner (1979), Ostrom (1980), McIntosh (1981), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Dong et al. (1983), Zhao (1983), Norman (1984), Russell (1984), Maryanska and Osmólska (1985), Battail (1986), Buscalioni and Sanz (1987), Carroll (1988), Dong (1989), Godefroit et al. (1998), Peng et al. (2001), Chure et al. (2006) and Cruzado-Caballero et al. (2010); to Ornithischia by Rauhut (2003) and Shibata et al. (2011); and to Cerapoda by Benton (1990), Weishampel (2004), Butler et al. (2007), Butler et al. (2008), Butler and Sullivan (2009), Han et al. (2012) and Zheng et al. (2012).

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Synonyms

Shiraminesauropus was named by Azuma and Takeyama (1991). It is considered to be a form taxon. Its type is Shiraminesauropus reini.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Matsukawa et al. (2005).

It was assigned to Iguanodontidae by Azuma and Takeyama (1991) and Fujita (2008).
Shiraminesauropus hayashidaniensis was named by Azuma and Takeyama (1991). It is considered to be a form taxon. Its type specimen is FPMN 900881, a footprint, and it is a trace fossil. Its type locality is Izumi tracksite, which is in a Hauterivian lacustrine shale/sandstone in the Itsuki Formation of Japan.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Matsukawa et al. (2005).
Shiraminesauropus reini was named by Azuma and Takeyama (1991). It is considered to be a form taxon. Its type specimen is FPMN 850321, a footprint, and it is a trace fossil. Its type locality is "Fossil Wall", Kuwajima, which is in a Berriasian terrestrial sandstone/shale in the Kuwajima Formation of Japan. It is the type species of Shiraminesauropus.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Matsukawa et al. (2005).
Gigantoshiraminesauropus was named by Azuma and Takeyama (1991). It is considered to be a form taxon. Its type is Gigantoshiraminesauropus matsuoi.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Matsukawa et al. (2005).

It was assigned to Iguanodontidae by Azuma and Takeyama (1991); and to Ornithopoda by Fujita (2008).
Gigantoshiraminesauropus matsuoi was named by Azuma and Takeyama (1991). It is considered to be a form taxon. Its type specimen is ISBEV002, a footprint, and it is a trace fossil. Its type locality is "Fossil Wall", Kuwajima, which is in a Berriasian terrestrial sandstone/shale in the Kuwajima Formation of Japan. It is the type species of Gigantoshiraminesauropus.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Matsukawa et al. (2005).
Iguanodonopus was named by Zhen et al. (1996). It is considered to be a form taxon.

It was considered a nomen nudum by Xing et al. (2009).
Othnielia was named by Galton (1977).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Galton (2007).

It was assigned to Euornithopoda by Norman et al. (2004); to Hypsilophodontidae by Galton (1977), Galton (1983), Russell (1984), Cooper (1985), Sereno (1986), Carroll (1988), Benton (1990), Sues and Norman (1990), Weishampel and Heinrich (1992) and Chure et al. (2006); and to Neornithischia by Butler et al. (2008).
Phyllodon was named by Thulborn (1975).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Sues and Norman (1990); it was considered a nomen dubium by Norman et al. (2004).

It was assigned to Hypsilophodontidae by Thulborn (1975), Galton (1980), Galton (1983), Carroll (1988) and Galton (1991).
Laosaurus was named by Marsh (1878). Its type is Laosaurus celer.

It was considered a nomen nudum by Galton (1977) and Galton (1978); it was considered a nomen dubium by Sues and Norman (1990) and Norman et al. (2004).

It was assigned to Dinosauria by Marsh (1878); to Ornithoscelida by Williston (1878); to Iguanodontidae by Dollo (1882); to Camptonotidae by Marsh (1881), Sauvage (1882), Marsh (1882) and Marsh (1884); to Ornithopoda by Marsh (1894); to Kalodontidae by Nopcsa (1902); to Camptosauridae by Marsh (1885) and Hay (1902); to Nanosauridae by Huene (1909); to Hypsilophontidae by von Zittel (1911); to Laosauridae by Marsh (1879), Marsh (1895), Marsh (1896), Huene (1914), Osborn (1923) and Gilmore (1925); and to Hypsilophodontidae by Romer (1956), Kuhn (1964), Romer (1966), Thulborn (1971), Galton (1972), Galton and Jensen (1973), Galton (1973), Thulborn (1974), Galton (1974), Thulborn (1975) and Colbert (1981).
Laosaurus celer was named by Marsh (1878). Its type specimen is YPM 1874, a set of vertebrae, and it is not a trace fossil. Its type locality is Quarry 9, Como Bluff (YPM), which is in a Kimmeridgian/Tithonian fluvial-lacustrine mudstone/sandstone in the Morrison Formation of Wyoming. It is the type species of Laosaurus.

It was considered a nomen nudum by Galton (1977), Galton (1978) and Galton (1983); it was considered a nomen dubium by Sues and Norman (1990) and Norman et al. (2004).
Atlascopcosaurus was named by Rich and Vickers-Rich (1989).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Agnolin et al. (2010).

It was assigned to Euornithopoda by Norman et al. (2004); and to Hypsilophodontidae by Rich and Vickers-Rich (1989), Sues and Norman (1990) and Hocknull and Cook (2008).
Atlascopcosaurus loadsi was named by Rich and Vickers-Rich (1989). Its type specimen is NMV P166409, a set of limb elements, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Dinosaur Cove East, which is in an Aptian/Albian floodplain horizon in the Eumeralla Formation of Australia.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Agnolin et al. (2010).
Siluosaurus was named by Dong (1997). Its type is Siluosaurus zhangqiani.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Norman et al. (2004).

It was assigned to Hypsilophodontidae by Dong (1997).
Siluosaurus zhangqiani was named by Dong (1997). Its type specimen is IVPP V.11117, a set of teeth, and it is not a trace fossil. Its type locality is IVPP 9208-21, Mazongshan, which is in a Barremian/Aptian fluvial-lacustrine sandstone in the Lower Red Unit Formation of China. It is the type species of Siluosaurus.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Norman et al. (2004).
Laosaurus minimus was named by Gilmore (1924). Its type specimen is NMC 9483, a partial skeleton, and it is not a trace fossil. Its type locality is Burmis, Crow's Nest Line (NMC 9483), which is in a Campanian terrestrial horizon in the Allison Formation of Canada.

It was synonymized subjectively with Troodon formosus by Galton (1983); it was recombined as Othnielia minima by Olshevsky (2000); it was considered a nomen dubium by Sues and Norman (1990), Norman et al. (2004) and Brown et al. (2013).
Hypsilophodon wielandi was named by Galton and Jensen (1979). Its type specimen is AMNH 2585, a set of limb elements, and it is not a trace fossil. Its type locality is north of Piedmont (AMNH), which is in an Aptian terrestrial horizon in the Lakota Formation of South Dakota.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Sues and Norman (1990), Norman et al. (2004) and Galton (2009).
Phyllodon henkeli was named by Thulborn (1975). Its type specimen is MGSP G5, a set of teeth, and it is not a trace fossil. Its type locality is Guimarota, which is in a Kimmeridgian lagoonal coal in the Alcobaça Formation of Portugal.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Sues and Norman (1990); it was considered a nomen dubium by Norman et al. (2004).
Gilmoreosaurus arkhangelskyi was named by Nessov (1995) [named ascribed to Nessov and Kaznyshkina]. Its type specimen is CCMGE 664/12457, a skull, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is CDZh-16, Dzharakuduk, which is in a Turonian terrestrial horizon in the Bissekty Formation of Uzbekistan.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Norman and Sues (2000) and Lund and Gates (2006).
Ornithopodoidea was named by Nopcsa (1929). It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Ornithopoda by Kuhn (1964).

It was assigned to Ornithischia by Huene (1934).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1878	Laosaurus Marsh
1878	Laosaurus celer Marsh
1878	Laosaurus Marsh p. 244
1878	Laosaurus celer Marsh p. 244
1878	Laosaurus Williston p. 45
1879	Laosaurus Marsh p. 501
1880	Laosaurus aler Sauvage p. 523
1881	Laosaurus Marsh
1881	Ornithopoda Marsh
1882	Laosaurus Dollo
1882	Ornithopoda Dollo
1882	Laosaurus Marsh
1882	Ornithopoda Marsh
1882	Laosaurus Sauvage p. 35
1884	Laosaurus Marsh p. 68
1884	Ornithopoda Marsh p. 68
1885	Laosaurus Marsh p. 764
1885	Ornithopoda Marsh p. 764
1888	Ornithopoda Lydekker p. 175
1894	Laosaurus Marsh
1894	Laosaurus celer Marsh
1894	Ornithopoda Marsh
1895	Laosaurus Marsh
1895	Ornithopoda Marsh
1896	Laosaurus celer Marsh p. 199
1896	Laosaurus Marsh pp. 243-244
1896	Ornithopoda Marsh p. 243
1896	Ornithopoda Sauvage p. 48
1901	Ornithopoda Hatcher p. 129
1902	Laosaurus Hay p. 501
1902	Laosaurus celer Hay p. 501
1902	Ornithopoda Mansel-Pleydell p. lxxv
1902	Laosaurus Nopcsa p. 153
1902	Laosaurus celer Nopcsa p. 153
1908	Ornithopoda Huene p. 307
1909	Laosaurus Huene p. 16
1909	Ornithopoda Huene p. 16
1911	Laosaurus von Zittel p. 289
1912	Ornithopoda Lull p. 210
1914	Ornithopoda Huene p. 38
1914	Laosaurus Huene p. 41
1914	Ornithopoda Sauvage p. 255
1915	Ornithopoda Matthew p. 32
1923	Ornithopoda Nopcsa p. 126
1923	Laosaurus Osborn
1924	Laosaurus minimus Gilmore p. 1
1924	Laosaurus celer Gilmore p. 5
1925	Laosaurus celer Gilmore p. 403
1925	Laosaurus Gilmore p. 407
1929	Ornithopodoidea Nopcsa
1934	Ornithopodoidea Huene p. 184
1936	Ornithopoda Swinton p. 212
1947	Ornithopoda Lapparent pp. 17-18
1948	Ornithopoda Huene p. 93
1954	Ornithopoda Haughton and Brink p. 4
1954	Ornithopoda Sternberg p. 383
1956	Ornithopoda Romer p. 627
1956	Laosaurus Romer p. 628
1960	Ornithopoda Delair p. 84
1960	Ornithopoda Lapparent p. 42
1964	Ornithopoda Estes p. 144
1964	Ornithopoda Kuhn p. 5
1964	Laosaurus Kuhn p. 7
1964	Laosaurus celer Kuhn p. 7
1964	Laosaurus minimus Kuhn p. 7
1965	Ornithopoda Simmons p. 65
1966	Laosaurus Romer p. 370
1966	Ornithopoda Romer p. 370
1967	Ornithopoda Miller, Jr. p. 233
1970	Ornithopoda Swinton p. 117
1971	Ornithopoda Haubold p. 86
1971	Laosaurus Thulborn p. 77
1972	Laosaurus Galton p. 465
1973	Laosaurus Galton p. 17
1973	Laosaurus Galton and Jensen p. 156
1974	Laosaurus Galton p. 1064
1974	Laosaurus Thulborn p. 171
1975	Phyllodon Thulborn p. 110
1975	Phyllodon henkeli Thulborn p. 110
1975	Laosaurus Thulborn p. 123
1977	Othnielia Galton p. 230
1977	Ornithopoda Thulborn p. 727
1979	Ornithopoda Baird and Horner p. 16
1979	Hypsilophodon wielandi Galton and Jensen p. 1 fig. 1
1980	Phyllodon Galton p. 85
1980	Ornithopoda Ostrom p. 22
1981	Laosaurus Colbert p. 50
1981	Ornithopoda McIntosh p. 30
1981	Ornithopoda Thurmond and Jones p. 145
1983	Ornithopoda Dong et al.
1983	Othnielia Galton p. 233
1983	Phyllodon Galton p. 233
1983	Phyllodon henkeli Galton p. 233
1983	Ornithopoda Zhao p. 299
1984	Ornithopoda Norman pp. 160-161 fig. 2
1984	Othnielia Russell p. 23
1984	Ornithopoda Russell p. 29
1985	Ornithopoda Cooper p. 285
1985	Othnielia Cooper p. 314
1985	Ornithopoda Maryanska and Osmólska p. 142 fig. 1
1986	Ornithopoda Bakker p. 461
1986	Ornithopoda Battail p. 49
1986	Ornithopoda Sereno
1986	Othnielia Sereno
1987	Ornithopoda Buscalioni and Sanz p. 66
1988	Ornithopoda Carroll
1988	Othnielia Carroll
1988	Phyllodon Carroll
1989	Ornithopoda Dong
1989	Atlascopcosaurus Rich and Vickers-Rich p. 31
1989	Atlascopcosaurus loadsi Rich and Vickers-Rich p. 31 figs. 9-11
1990	Ornithopoda Benton p. 19
1990	Othnielia Benton p. 26
1990	Atlascopcosaurus Sues and Norman p. 500
1990	Atlascopcosaurus loadsi Sues and Norman p. 500
1990	Othnielia Sues and Norman p. 500
1991	Shiraminesauropus Azuma and Takeyama p. 37
1991	Shiraminesauropus reini Azuma and Takeyama pp. 37-38 figs. 6-7; Pl. 1:1
1991	Shiraminesauropus hayashidaniensis Azuma and Takeyama p. 39 figs. 8-9; Pl. 1:2
1991	Gigantoshiraminesauropus Azuma and Takeyama p. 40
1991	Gigantoshiraminesauropus matsuoi Azuma and Takeyama p. 40 figs. 10-11; Pl. 1:3
1991	Phyllodon Galton p. 300
1991	Phyllodon henkeli Galton p. 300
1992	Othnielia Weishampel and Heinrich p. 163
1995	Gilmoreosaurus arkhangelskyi Nessov p. 49
1996	Atlascopcosaurus loadsi Molnar p. 646 fig. 8
1996	Atlascopcosaurus loadsi Rich p. 715
1996	Iguanodonopus Zhen and et al.
1997	Siluosaurus Dong pp. 24-26 fig. 1
1997	Siluosaurus zhangqiani Dong pp. 24-26 fig. 1
1997	Ornithopoda Sereno p. 443
1998	Ornithopoda Godefroit et al. p. 7
1998	Ornithopoda Sereno p. 61
1999	Ornithopoda Sereno p. 2138 fig. 2
2000	Othnielia minima Olshevsky p. 86
2001	Ornithopoda Peng et al. p. 33
2003	Ornithopoda Rauhut p. 16
2004	Atlascopcosaurus Norman et al. p. 394
2004	Atlascopcosaurus loadsi Norman et al. p. 394
2004	Othnielia Norman et al. p. 395
2004	Ornithopoda Weishampel p. 323
2006	Ornithopoda Chure et al. p. 237
2006	Othnielia Chure et al. p. 237
2007	Ornithopoda Butler et al. p. 2044
2007	Phyllodon henkeli Galton p. 34
2007	Phyllodon henkeli Ruiz-Omeñaca et al. p. 83
2007	Ornithopoda Sánchez-Hernández et al. p. 202
2008	Ornithopoda Butler et al. pp. 20-21 figs. 2-4
2008	Othnielia Butler et al. p. 20 figs. 2-4
2008	Gigantoshiraminesauropus Fujita p. 33
2008	Gigantoshiraminesauropus matsuoi Fujita p. 33
2008	Shiraminesauropus Fujita p. 33
2008	Shiraminesauropus hayashidaniensis Fujita p. 33
2008	Shiraminesauropus reini Fujita p. 33
2008	Atlascopcosaurus Hocknull and Cook p. 212
2008	Atlascopcosaurus loadsi Hocknull and Cook p. 212
2009	Ornithopoda Butler and Sullivan p. 22
2010	Ornithopoda Cruzado-Caballero et al.
2011	Ornithopoda Shibata et al. p. 970
2012	Ornithopoda Han et al. p. 1391 fig. 14
2012	Ornithopoda Zheng et al. p. 210

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