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Cetacea (whale)

Taxonomy

Cetacea was named by Brisson (1762). It is extant.

It was reranked as the class Cetaceae by Gray (1821); it was reranked as the unranked clade Cetacea by Ameghino (1889), Geisler and Sanders (2003), Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008), Spaulding et al. (2009) and Asher and Helgen (2010); it was reranked as the order Cetacea by Parker and Haswell (1897); it was reranked as the suborder Cetacea by McKenna and Bell (1997) and Hulbert and Whitmore (2006).

It was assigned to Vertebrosa by Gray (1821); to Monodelphia by Pictet (1853); to Mutilata by Cope (1889); to Homalodonta by Ameghino (1889); to Eutheria by Flower and Lydekker (1891); to Eutheria by Parker and Haswell (1897); to Mutica by Simpson (1945) and Harland et al. (1967); to Cete by McKenna (1975); to Eutheria by Flower (1883), Gregory (1910), Carroll (1988) and Nowak (1991); to Cetruminantia by Ursing et al. (2000); to Cete by McKenna and Bell (1997), Archibald (1998), Hulbert and Whitmore (2006) and Hampe (2006); to Cetartiodactyla by Montgelard et al. (1997), Geisler and Sanders (2003), Uhen (2004) and Bisconti (2008); to Mammalia by Bronn (1853), Cope (1875), Case (1904), Andrews (1906), Abel (1919), Zittel (1925), Hershkovitz (1966), Barnes (1978), Baird and Horner (1979), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Whitmore (1984), Barnes (1985), Bianucci (1997), Thewissen and Hussain (1998), Sepkoski (2002), Cahuzac et al. (2005), Bisconti and Varola (2006), Gingerich (2007), Bisconti (2007) and Gingerich et al. (2009); to Cetaceamorpha by Spaulding et al. (2009); to Cetancodonta by Arnason et al. (2004), Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008) and Boisserie et al. (2011); and to Whippomorpha by Waddell et al. (1999), Boisserie et al. (2005), Asher and Helgen (2010) and Uhen et al. (2011).

Subtaxa

Ambulocetidae, Archaeoceti (syn. Hydrothereuta, Zeuglodontia, Squalodon gambierensis), Balaenodontae, Balaenoidorum, Kekenodontidae, Metasqualodon (syn. Metasqualodon symmetricus), Pagiodon, Pakicetidae, Pelagiceti, Phococetus, Proteroceta, Protocetidae, Remingtonocetidae, Rhynchoceti

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Synonyms

Globicephalus eocaenus was named by Ameghino (1901) [No type specimen is listed by Ameghino (1901). No type locality is listed by Ameghino (1901).].

It was considered a nomen nudum by Uhen (2015).
Ananarcus was named by Dumeril (1806). It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Anarnak by Palmer (1904).
Anarcus was named by Froriep (1806). It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Anarnak by Palmer (1904).
Otaria leclercii was named by Delfortrie (1872). It is extant. Its type locality is Saint-Medard-en-Jalle, which is in a Rupelian marine sandstone in the Calcaires a Asteries Formation of France.

It was recombined as Mesotaria leclercii by Trouessart (1898); it was recombined as Mesotaria leclerci by Trouessart (1904); it was considered a nomen dubium by Allen (1880) and Kellogg (1922).
Cetotolites leggei was named by McCoy (1879). It is considered to be a form taxon. It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Warun Ponds Quarry, which is in a Chattian marine mixed carbonate-siliciclastic in the Jan Juc Formation of Australia.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Fordyce (1988).
Cetotolites pricei was named by McCoy (1879). It is considered to be a form taxon. It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Warun Ponds Quarry, which is in a Chattian marine mixed carbonate-siliciclastic in the Jan Juc Formation of Australia.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Fordyce (1988).
Cetotolites nelsoni was named by McCoy (1879). It is considered to be a form taxon. It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Warun Ponds Quarry, which is in a Chattian marine mixed carbonate-siliciclastic in the Jan Juc Formation of Australia.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Fordyce (1988).
Cetotolites baileyi was named by McCoy (1883). It is considered to be a form taxon. It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Warun Ponds Quarry, which is in a Chattian marine mixed carbonate-siliciclastic in the Jan Juc Formation of Australia.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Fordyce (1988).
Cetotheriomorphus dubius was named by Brandt (1873) [No type locality information is listed by Brandt (1873).]. It is the type species of Cetotheriomorphus.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Kellogg (1931).
Berardiopsis pliocaenus was named by Portis (1886) [Univesity of Turin Museum of Paleontology ]. Its type specimen is UTMP no #, a set of vertebrae (14 caudal vertebrae), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Astigiana, which is in a Pliocene marine horizon in the Sabbie Gialle Formation of Italy.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Bianucci (1997).
Cetotolites was named by McCoy (1879) [No type species of Cetotolites was ever named (Fordyce 1988), but the first species named was Ceteolites leggei. ]. It is considered to be a form taxon.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Fordyce (1988) and Fitzgerald (2004).
Phoca debilis was named by Leidy (1857). Its type specimen is ANSP 10324-10325, a set of teeth, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Ashley River (Miocene Marl), which is in a Miocene marine marl in South Carolina.

It was recombined as Squalodon debilis by Cope (1868), Leidy (1869), Allen (1880), Hay (1902), Trouessart (1904) and Kellogg (1922); it was recombined as Delphinodon debilis by Kellogg (1923) and Hay (1930); it was considered a nomen dubium by Dooley (2003) and Uhen et al. (2008).
Manatus giganteus was named by DeKay (1842). It is not extant.

It was recombined as Trichechus giganteus by Trouessart (1904), Case (1904) and Hay (1930); it was considered a nomen dubium by Kellogg (1966) and Domning (1996).
Pristinocetus was named by Trouessart (1898).

It was synonymized subjectively with Archaeocetus by Trouessart (1904); it was synonymized subjectively with Lissodelphis by McKenna and Bell (1997); it was considered a nomen dubium by Uhen (2015).

It was assigned to Balaenidae by Trouessart (1898); and to Delphinidae by Palmer (1904).
Delphinapterus (Pachypleurus) was named by Brandt (1873).

It was replaced with Pristinocetus by Trouessart (1898); it was replaced with Archaeocetus by Sinzow (1898) and Palmer (1904); it was synonymized subjectively with Lissodelphis by McKenna and Bell (1997); it was considered a nomen dubium by Uhen (2015).

It was assigned to Delphinapterus by Brandt (1873).
Delphinapterus (Pachypleurus) nordmanni was named by Brandt (1873). It is not extant. Its type locality is Chisinau, which is in a Serravallian marine horizon in Moldova.

It was recombined as Archaeocetus nordmanni by Sinzow (1898), Trouessart (1904) and Macarovici (1944); it was recombined as Pristinocetus nordmanni by Trouessart (1898); it was recombined as Lissodelphis nordmanni by McKenna and Bell (1997); it was considered a nomen dubium by Uhen (2015).
Delphinapterus (Pachypleurus) fockii was named by Brandt (1873). It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Stavropol, which is in a Sarmatian marine horizon in the Russian Federation.

It was recombined as Beluga fockii by Studer (1898); it was recombined as Archaeocetus fockii by Sinzow (1898) and Macarovici (1944); it was recombined as Pristinocetus fockii by Trouessart (1898); it was recombined as Archaeocetus focki by Trouessart (1904); it was recombined as Lissodelphis fockii by McKenna and Bell (1997); it was considered a nomen dubium by Uhen (2015).
Ziphius blasii was named by Brandt (1873). It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Taman Peninsula, which is in a Serravallian marine claystone in the Russian Federation.

It was recombined as Mesoplodon blasii by Trouessart (1898); it was recombined as Mesoplodon blasiusi by Trouessart (1904); it was considered a nomen dubium by Uhen (2015).
Archaeocetus was named by Sinzow (1898) [Replacement name for Pachypleurus Brandt 1873, which is preoccupied by Pachypleura White, 1853, a genus of Coleoptera.].

It was synonymized subjectively with Pristinocetus by Trouessart (1898); it was synonymized subjectively with Lissodelphis by McKenna and Bell (1997); it was considered a nomen dubium by Uhen (2015).

It was assigned to Mysticeti by Sinzow (1898); to Balaenopterinae by Trouessart (1904); and to Delphinidae by Palmer (1904).
Anarnak was named by Lacepede (1804). It is extant.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Hershkovitz (1966).

It was assigned to Cetacea by Lacepede (1804); and to Physeteridae by Palmer (1904).
Anarnak groenlandicus was named by Lacepede (1804). It is extant.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Hershkovitz (1966).
Carnivorae was named by Gray (1821). It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Cetacea by McKenna and Bell (1997).

It was assigned to Cetaceae by Gray (1821).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1762	Cetacea Brisson p. 218
1804	Anarnak Lacepede p. 163
1804	Anarnak groenlandicus Lacepede p. 164
1806	Ananarcus Dumeril
1806	Anarcus Froriep
1821	Carnivorae Gray p. 309
1821	Cetaceae Gray p. 309
1842	Manatus giganteus De Kay p. 123
1842	Manatus giganteus DeKay p. 123
1853	Cetacea Bronn p. 754
1853	Cetacea Pictet p. 380
1857	Phoca debilis Leidy p. 265
1868	Squalodon debilis Cope p. 144
1869	Squalodon debilis Leidy p. 415
1872	Otaria leclercii Delfortrie
1873	Cetotheriomorphus dubius Brandt pp. 161-162
1873	Ziphius blasii Brandt p. 225
1873	Delphinapterus (Pachypleurus) Brandt p. 234
1873	Delphinapterus (Pachypleurus) nordmanni Brandt p. 234
1873	Delphinapterus (Pachypleurus) fockii Brandt p. 236
1875	Cetacea Cope p. 42
1879	Cetotolites McCoy p. 13
1879	Cetotolites leggei McCoy p. 14 figs. Plate LIV, Fig. 1
1879	Cetotolites nelsoni McCoy p. 14 figs. Plate LIV, Figs. 3-5
1879	Cetotolites pricei McCoy p. 14 figs. Plate LIV, Fig. 2
1880	Squalodon debilis Allen p. 470
1883	Cetacea Flower p. 184
1883	Cetotolites baileyi McCoy
1886	Berardiopsis pliocaenus Portis p. 326
1889	Cetacea Ameghino p. 653
1889	Cetacea Cope p. 874
1891	Cetacea Flower and Lydekker p. 89
1897	Cetacea Parker and Haswell p. 450
1898	Archaeocetus Sinzow p. 121 figs. Plates 8, 9
1898	Archaeocetus nordmanni Sinzow p. 124
1898	Archaeocetus fockii Sinzow p. 127
1898	Beluga fockii Studer p. 132
1898	Mesotaria leclercii Trouessart p. 378
1898	Manatus giganteus Trouessart p. 1000
1898	Mesoplodon blasii Trouessart p. 1066
1898	Berardiopsis pliocaenus Trouessart p. 1068
1898	Pristinocetus Trouessart p. 1071
1898	Pristinocetus nordmanni Trouessart p. 1071
1898	Pristinocetus fockii Trouessart p. 1072
1901	Globicephalus eocaenus Ameghino p. 80
1902	Squalodon debilis Hay p. 589
1904	Cetacea Case p. 3
1904	Trichechus giganteus Case p. 56
1904	Anarnak Palmer p. 100
1904	Anarnak groenlandicus Palmer p. 100
1904	Archaeocetus Palmer p. 114
1904	Pristinocetus Palmer p. 563
1904	Mesotaria leclerci Trouessart p. 282
1904	Trichechus giganteus Trouessart p. 748
1904	Squalodon debilis Trouessart p. 756
1904	Berardiopsis pliocaenus Trouessart p. 778
1904	Mesoplodon blasiusi Trouessart p. 778
1904	Archaeocetus Trouessart p. 780
1904	Archaeocetus focki Trouessart p. 780
1904	Archaeocetus nordmanni Trouessart p. 780
1906	Cetacea Andrews p. 234
1910	Cetacea Gregory p. 466
1919	Cetacea Abel p. 749
1922	Squalodon debilis Kellogg p. 127
1923	Delphinodon debilis Kellogg p. 13
1925	Cetacea Zittel p. 80
1930	Delphinodon debilis Hay p. 587
1930	Trichechus giganteus Hay p. 658
1944	Archaeocetus fockii Macarovici p. 136
1944	Archaeocetus nordmanni Macarovici p. 136
1945	Cetacea Simpson p. 100
1966	Cetacea Hershkovitz p. 6
1967	Cetacea Harland et al. p. 774
1975	Cetacea McKenna p. 43
1978	Cetacea Barnes p. 3
1979	Cetacea Baird and Horner p. 19
1981	Cetacea Thurmond and Jones p. 191
1984	Cetacea Whitmore p. 230
1985	Cetacea Barnes p. 3
1988	Cetacea Carroll
1991	Cetacea Nowak
1997	Cetacea Bianucci p. 164
1997	Cetacea McKenna and Bell p. 368
1997	Lissodelphis fockii McKenna and Bell p. 385
1997	Lissodelphis nordmanni McKenna and Bell p. 385
1997	Cetacea Montgelard et al. p. 555
1998	Cetacea Archibald
1998	Cetacea Thewissen and Hussain p. 221
1999	Cetacea Waddell et al. p. 2
2000	Cetacea Ursing et al.
2002	Cetacea Sepkoski, Jr.
2003	Cetacea Geisler and Sanders p. 27
2004	Cetacea Arnason et al. p. 33
2004	Cetacea Uhen p. 11
2005	Cetacea Boisserie et al.
2005	Cetacea Cahuzac et al. p. 420
2006	Cetacea Bisconti and Varola p. 449
2006	Cetacea Hampe p. 64
2006	Cetacea Hulbert and Whitmore p. 19
2007	Cetacea Bisconti p. 89
2007	Cetacea Gingerich p. 366
2008	Cetacea Agnarsson and May-Collado p. 981 figs. Fig. 2
2008	Cetacea Bisconti p. 162
2009	Cetacea Gingerich et al. p. 3
2009	Cetacea Spaulding et al.
2010	Cetacea Asher and Helgen p. 3 figs. Figure 1
2011	Cetacea Boisserie et al. p. 620 figs. Table 1
2011	Cetacea Uhen et al. p. 957

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