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Bootherium bombifrons

Taxonomy

Bos bombifrons was named by Harlan (1825).

It was recombined as Ovibos bombifrons by Leidy (1852); it was recombined as Bootherium bombifrons by Leidy (1852), Osgood (1905), Hay (1914), Peterson (1926), Frick (1937), Kurten and Anderson (1980) and Kirkland et al. (1997).

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Synonyms

Bison appalachicolus was named by Rhoads (1895). Its type specimen is ANSP 29 and is a 3D body fossil.

It was recombined as Ovibos appalachicolus by Rhaods (1897), Hay (1923) and Frick (1937); it was recombined as Bootherium appalachicolus by Ray (1966); it was synonymized subjectively with Symbos cavifrons by Kurten and Anderson (1980) and Nelson and Madsen (1987); it was synonymized subjectively with Bootherium bombifrons by McDonald and Ray (1989) and Skwara and Walker (1989).
Bootherium brazosis was named by Hesse (1942). Its type specimen is TAMC 2553 and is a 3D body fossil.

It was synonymized subjectively with Symbos cavifrons by Kurten and Anderson (1980) and Nelson and Madsen (1987); it was synonymized subjectively with Bootherium bombifrons by McDonald and Ray (1989) and Skwara and Walker (1989).
Bootherium nivicolens was named by Hay (1915). Its type specimen is USNM 2324 and is a 3D body fossil.

It was synonymized subjectively with Symbos cavifrons by Kurten and Anderson (1980) and Nelson and Madsen (1987); it was synonymized subjectively with Bootherium bombifrons by McDonald and Ray (1989) and Skwara and Walker (1989).
Bootherium sargenti was named by Gidley (1908). Its type specimen is GRPM 114233101 and is a 3D body fossil.

It was synonymized subjectively with Symbos cavifrons by Kurten and Anderson (1980) and Nelson and Madsen (1987); it was synonymized subjectively with Bootherium bombifrons by McDonald and Ray (1989) and Skwara and Walker (1989).
Liops zuniensis was named by Gidley (1906).

It was recombined as Gidleya zuniensis by Cossmann (1907); it was recombined as Ovibos zuniensis by Frick (1937); it was synonymized subjectively with Symbos cavifrons by Kurten and Anderson (1980) and Nelson and Madsen (1987); it was synonymized subjectively with Bootherium bombifrons by McDonald and Ray (1989) and Skwara and Walker (1989).
Ovibos cavifrons was named by Leidy (1852).

It was recombined as Bootherium cavifrons by Leidy (1852); it was recombined as Scaphoceros cavifrons by Osgood (1905); it was recombined as Symbos cavifrons by Osgood (1905), Hay (1912), Allen (1913), Hay (1914), Hay (1930), Barbour (1931), Frick (1937), Kurten and Anderson (1980) and Nelson and Madsen (1987); it was synonymized subjectively with Bootherium bombifrons by McDonald and Ray (1989), Skwara and Walker (1989) and Hills and Wilson (2003).
Ovibos giganteus was named by Frick (1937).

It was synonymized subjectively with Symbos cavifrons by Kurten and Anderson (1980) and Nelson and Madsen (1987); it was synonymized subjectively with Bootherium bombifrons by McDonald and Ray (1989) and Skwara and Walker (1989).
Scaphoceros tyrelli was named by Osgood (1905) [genus preoccupied in any case].

It was recombined as Symbos tyrelli by Osgood (1905), Gidley (1908), Gilmore (1908), Gilmore (1908), Hay (1914) and Frick (1937); it was synonymized subjectively with Symbos cavifrons by Kurten and Anderson (1980) and Nelson and Madsen (1987); it was synonymized subjectively with Bootherium bombifrons by McDonald and Ray (1989) and Skwara and Walker (1989).
Symbos australis was named by Brown (1908).

It was synonymized subjectively with Symbos cavifrons by Kurten and Anderson (1980) and Nelson and Madsen (1987); it was synonymized subjectively with Bootherium bombifrons by McDonald and Ray (1989) and Skwara and Walker (1989).
Symbos convexifrons was named by Barbour (1934) [originally numbered NSM 1-2-34]. Its type specimen is U.N.S.M. No. 39001 and is not a trace fossil. Its type locality is North Prong Quarry, which is in a Pleistocene channel sandstone in Nebraska.

It was synonymized subjectively with Symbos cavifrons by Frick (1937), Jakway (1961), Kurten and Anderson (1980) and Nelson and Madsen (1987); it was synonymized subjectively with Bootherium bombifrons by McDonald and Ray (1989) and Skwara and Walker (1989).
Symbos promptus was named by Hay (1921) [also said to be 1920].

It was synonymized subjectively with Symbos cavifrons by Frick (1937), Kurten and Anderson (1980) and Nelson and Madsen (1987); it was synonymized subjectively with Bootherium bombifrons by McDonald and Ray (1989) and Skwara and Walker (1989).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1825	Bos bombifrons Harlan
1852	Bootherium bombifrons Leidy
1852	Bootherium cavifrons Leidy
1852	Ovibos bombifrons Leidy
1852	Ovibos cavifrons Leidy
1895	Bison appalachicolus Rhoads
1897	Ovibos appalachicolus Rhaods
1905	Bootherium bombifrons Osgood
1905	Scaphoceros cavifrons Osgood
1905	Scaphoceros tyrelli Osgood
1905	Symbos cavifrons Osgood
1905	Symbos tyrelli Osgood
1906	Liops zuniensis Gidley
1907	Gidleya zuniensis Cossmann
1908	Symbos australis Brown
1908	Bootherium sargenti Gidley
1908	Symbos tyrelli Gidley
1908	Symbos tyrelli Gilmore
1912	Symbos cavifrons Hay
1913	Symbos cavifrons Allen
1914	Bootherium bombifrons Hay
1914	Symbos cavifrons Hay
1914	Symbos tyrelli Hay
1915	Bootherium nivicolens Hay
1921	Symbos promptus Hay
1923	Ovibos appalachicolus Hay
1926	Bootherium bombifrons Peterson
1930	Symbos cavifrons Hay
1931	Symbos cavifrons Barbour
1934	Symbos convexifrons Barbour
1937	Bootherium bombifrons Frick
1937	Ovibos appalachicolus Frick
1937	Ovibos giganteus Frick
1937	Ovibos zuniensis Frick
1937	Symbos cavifrons Frick
1937	Symbos tyrelli Frick
1942	Bootherium brazosis Hesse
1966	Bootherium appalachicolus Ray
1980	Bootherium bombifrons Kurten and Anderson
1980	Symbos cavifrons Kurten and Anderson
1987	Symbos cavifrons Nelson and Madsen, Jr. p. 242
1997	Bootherium bombifrons Kirkland, Jr. et al. p. 114

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