Haystack Cave (upper levels)
Basic information
Sample name: Haystack Cave (upper levels)

Sample aka: 5GN 189

Reference: S. D. Emslie. 1986. Late Pleistocene vertebrates from Gunnison County, Colorado. Journal of Paleontology 60(1):170-176 [ER 3116]
Geography
Country: United States

State: Colorado


Coordinate: 38.48° N, -107.17° W
Coordinate basis: stated in text

Time interval: Pleistocene - Holocene

Section: 3116

Unit number: 1

Unit order: above to below

Max Ma: 0.014935

Min Ma: 0.012154

Age basis: radiocarbon (uncalibrated)

Geography comments: NE1/4, SE1/4 of sec. 27, T49N, R3W"
there are "Two carbon 14 dates... based on bone apatite of unidentifiable fragments from levels 3 and 4 and 5 and 6", the first being 14,935 +/- 610 B.P. and the second being "less accurate due to lesser amounts of available bone" and 12,154 +/- 1,700 B.P. (presumed to be uncalibrated because errors are symmetrically distributed)
upper levels (1 to 3) are "disturbed" and possibly Holocene because no extinct fauna are present

Environment
Lithology: not described

Taphonomic context: bird accumulation,cave,rodent accumulation

Habitat comments: "a small volcanic lava tube"
"cultural remains are distinct only in the upper two levels (40 cm)... deposition of bone in the lower levels probably is due to natural rather than cultural processes... bone deposition probably resulted from carnivores using the cave as a den, rodents (especially woodrats) dragging bones into the cave and nesting there, and birds roosting there... carnivores... may have been the primary source of bone deposition"

Methods
Life forms: carnivores,rodents,ungulates,other small mammals,birds,lizards

Sampling methods: quarry,screenwash

Sample size: 156 specimens

Sampling comments: "All matrix was screened through one-quarter-inch screen"

Metadata
Sample number: 3403

Contributor: John Alroy

Enterer: John Alroy

Created: 2019-08-30 13:11:05

Modified: 2023-05-30 00:26:20

Abundance distribution
17 species
9 singletons
total count 156
geometric series index: 42.1
Fisher's α: 4.857
geometric series k: 0.7841
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.7992
Shannon's H: 1.9576
Good's u: 0.9424
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts.
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