Kiowa Rockshelter (Level 11)
Basic information
Sample name: Kiowa Rockshelter (Level 11)
Reference: D. Gaffney, G. R. Summerhayes, S. Luu, J. Menzies, K. Douglass, M. Spitzer, and S. Bulmer. 2021. Small game hunting in montane rainforests: Specialised capture and broad spectrum foraging in the Late Pleistocene to Holocene New Guinea Highlands. Quaternary Science Reviews 253:106742 [ER 3701]
Geography
Country: Papua New Guinea
State: Chimbu
Coordinate: 5° 54' 30" S, 145° 8' 50" E
Time interval: Pleistocene - Holocene
Section: 3701
Unit number: 9
Unit order: above to below
Max Ma: 0.00992
Min Ma: 0.0093
Age basis: radiocarbon (uncalibrated)
Geography comments: "Kiowa is an irregularly shaped limestone rockshelter, about 6 m × 5.5 m, located in Chimbu province of the Central New Guinea Highlands".
"A small tributary to the Mae River is located about 20 m from the site".
Dates for Levels 10-11 of the deposit range from 9920 ± 200 BP to 9300 ± 200 BP.
"A small tributary to the Mae River is located about 20 m from the site".
Dates for Levels 10-11 of the deposit range from 9920 ± 200 BP to 9300 ± 200 BP.
Environment
Lithology: limestone
Taphonomic context: human accumulation,rock shelter
Archaeology: hearths,stone tools
Habitat comments: "Kiowa was first occupied during the terminal Pleistocene, with regular occupations continuing until the Mid-Late Holocene ... Level 3 represents the most recent undisturbed habitation deposit, with all underlying levels down to base of excavations characterised by radiating ash lenses, denoting short-duration hearths".
"Few bone and shell artefacts and pottery sherds were excavated from Kiowa; lithics comprise the bulk of the cultural material".
"Few bone and shell artefacts and pottery sherds were excavated from Kiowa; lithics comprise the bulk of the cultural material".
Methods
Life forms: bats,rodents,other large mammals,other small mammals
Sampling methods: quarry
Sample size: 270 specimens
Years: 1960
Sampling comments: "During the 1960 excavations at Kiowa sieves were not used and specimens were collected by hand".
"Following excavation, all cranial and mandibular material along with worked bone, eggshell, and large bones were kept for later analysis. However, due to transportation difficulties only a small subsample of post-cranial material filling two c. 30 × 30 cm bags from each level was retained".
"Following excavation, all cranial and mandibular material along with worked bone, eggshell, and large bones were kept for later analysis. However, due to transportation difficulties only a small subsample of post-cranial material filling two c. 30 × 30 cm bags from each level was retained".
Metadata
Sample number: 3904
Contributor: Benjamin Carter
Enterer: Benjamin Carter
Created: 2022-02-19 12:21:23
Modified: 2023-04-29 06:14:38
Abundance distribution
18 species
2 singletons
total count 270
geometric series index: 27.9
Fisher's α: 4.341
geometric series k: 0.7593
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.7418
Shannon's H: 1.7879
Good's u: 0.9927
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts.
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Register
| Dendrolagus sp. | 2 | |
| Dorcopsulus sp. | 2 | |
| Thylogale sp. | 3 | |
| Phalanger carmelitae/vestitus | 34 | |
| Phalanger gymnotis | 1 | |
| also 16 Phalanger sp. | ||
| Pseudochirulus forbesi | 6 | |
| Pseudochirops corinnae | 4 | |
| Pseudochirops cupreus | 2 | |
| Echymipera sp. | 3 | |
| Peroryctes sp. | 13 | |
| Dasyuridae indet. | 4 | |
| Parahydromys asper | 2 | |
| Macruromys major | 4 | |
| Anisomys sp. | 1 | |
| Mallomys rothschildi | 3 | |
| Pogonomys sp. | 3 | |
| also 2 "Rat sp." | ||
| Dobsonia magna | 108 | |
| also 2 Dobsonia sp. | ||
| Aproteles bulmerae | 75 | |