Braholo Cave (Excavation Unit G6, Assemblage 3)
Basic information
Sample name: Braholo Cave (Excavation Unit G6, Assemblage 3)
Reference: N. Amano, A.-M. Moigne, T. Ingicco, F. Sémah, R. D. Awe, and T. Simanjuntak. 2016. Subsistence strategies and environment in Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene Eastern Java: Evidence from Braholo Cave. Quaternary International 416:46-63 [ER 3073]
Geography
Country: Indonesia
State: Central Java
Coordinate: 8° 4' 52" S, 110° 45' 19" E
Coordinate basis: stated in text
Time interval: Late Pleistocene
Section: 3073
Unit number: 3
Unit order: above to below
Ma: 0.018734
Age basis: radiocarbon (calibrated)
Geography comments: "Braholo Cave is located on the western part of the Gunung Sewu (‘Thousand Mountains’) region of Central Java in the regency of Gunung Kidul close to the village of Semugih. The cave is on the western slope of a ca. 45 m high limestone hill, 15 m above the modern village road".
"Assemblage 3 has a radiocarbon date of 18,734 ± 153 cal. BP, placing it around the time of the Last Glacial Maximum".
"Assemblage 3 has a radiocarbon date of 18,734 ± 153 cal. BP, placing it around the time of the Last Glacial Maximum".
Environment
Substrate: ground surface
Lithology: claystone
Taphonomic context: cave,human accumulation
Archaeology: stone tools
Habitat comments: "The site is composed of two very distinct sedimentary deposits: an upper and chronologically younger loose reddish brown sandy clay deposit that extends from 30 to around 200 cm below the surface (Assemblage 1) and a dark brown silty clay deposit found from around 200 to 700 cm (Aseemblages 2-4). Numerous hearths and concentrations of burnt animal bones were recorded within the reddish brown sandy clay deposit. No hearths were found in the dark brown silty clay deposit".
"Braholo Cave produced numerous archaeological materials ranging from polished stone adzes and pottery in the first 50 cm of deposits to more than 50,000 flakes and stone tool fragments from the lower stratigraphical levels. Assemblage 3 of excavation square G6 (310–510 cm) was composed of heavily abraded and fragmented specimens from the dark brown silty clay deposit".
"Braholo Cave produced numerous archaeological materials ranging from polished stone adzes and pottery in the first 50 cm of deposits to more than 50,000 flakes and stone tool fragments from the lower stratigraphical levels. Assemblage 3 of excavation square G6 (310–510 cm) was composed of heavily abraded and fragmented specimens from the dark brown silty clay deposit".
Methods
Life forms: primates,rodents,ungulates,other small mammals,lizards,snakes
Sampling methods: quarry
Sample size: 44 specimens
Years: 1997 - 2001
Sampling comments: "Excavations in Braholo Cave were undertaken between 1997 and 2001. A total of 17 pits were opened during the excavations. The archaeological investigations were limited to the northwest region of the cave because of the huge limestone boulders and collapsed stalactites in the southern portion of the cave. The deepest squares (O8 and G6) reached a maximum depth of 7.3 m. The basal occupation layers were presumed to have not been reached since excavations in most squares were halted due of the presence of huge limestone boulders. A stratified sampling strategy was employed to account for the stark difference in the total number of bone fragments represented in each analytical assemblage".
Metadata
Sample number: 4072
Contributor: Benjamin Carter
Enterer: Benjamin Carter
Created: 2023-02-20 11:04:32
Modified: 2023-04-29 00:32:39
Abundance distribution
13 species
6 singletons
total count 44
geometric series index: 34.5
Fisher's α: 6.227
geometric series k: 0.8076
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.8309
Shannon's H: 2.1121
Good's u: 0.8667
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts.
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