Redaka II
Basic information
Sample name: Redaka II

Reference: P. Fernandez and J.-L. Guadelli. 2008. Etude préliminaire des grands mammifères du repaire d'hyènes de Redaka II (Bulgarie du nord ouest): paléontologie, paléoécologie et taphonomie. Quaternaire 19(1):43-68 [ER 3938]
Geography
Country: Bulgaria


Coordinate: 43.76° N, 22.47° E
Coordinate basis: estimated from map

Time interval: Late Pleistocene

Max Ma: 0.03817

Min Ma: 0.02537

Age basis: radiocarbon (uncalibrated)

Geography comments: coordinate based on the map of Guadelli et al. (2013: https://hal.science/hal-01178351/document), which places the cave very close to the town of Rakovitsa
there are radiocarbon dates of 38,170 +/0 490 BP for layer 4bc and 25,370 BP (no error given) for "the upper part of Layer 4" according to Guadelli et al. (2013)

Environment
Lithology: siltstone

Taphonomic context: carnivore accumulation,cave

Archaeology: stone tools

Habitat comments: layer 4 is "un limon argileux brun, riche en cailloux calcaires (support matriciel localement clastique á structure fermée)"
interpreted as a hyaena den and a human occupation site
there are stone artefacts of middle Palaeolithic (specifically Levallois) and late Palaeolithic aspects, and also cutmarks, burnt bones, and impact marks

Methods
Life forms: carnivores,ungulates

Sampling methods: quarry

Sample size: 96 specimens

Years: 2005, 2006

Sampling comments: no details on excavation methods are given
the material reported here was excavated in 2005 and 2006 according to Guadelli et al. (2013)
small vertebrates are not discussed

Metadata
Sample number: 4343

Contributor: John Alroy

Enterer: John Alroy

Created: 2023-08-13 19:49:04

Modified: 2023-08-13 09:49:04

Abundance distribution
13 species
5 singletons
total count 96
geometric series index: 26.7
Fisher's α: 4.055
geometric series k: 0.7268
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.7274
Shannon's H: 1.7898
Good's u: 0.9484
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts.
Register
Lynx pardinus spelaeus211 kg
"Lynx spelaea"
Panthera spelaea1
Crocuta spelaea8
"Crocuta crocuta spelaea"
Canis lupus643 kg carnivore
Vulpes vulpes465.3 kg carnivore-insectivore
Ursus spelaeus1
plus two indeterminate carnivores
Cervus elaphus8104 kg
Megaloceros giganteus1
Capra sp.12
Bison priscus2
plus 12 Bos or Bison
Mammuthus cf. primigenius1
Equus ferus7422 kg
"Equus caballus"
Equus hydruntinus1