Abundance: 0.01 to 64.27% (median 3.38%)

Latitudinal range: -35.4° to 64.9°

Habitats: (5), Mediterranean woodland (11), boreal forest/taiga (9), desert/xeric shrubland (3), montane grassland (1), temperate broadleaf/mixed forest (43), temperate coniferous forest (3), temperate savanna (4), temperate wetland (5), tropical/subtropical dry broadleaf forest (34), tropical/subtropical moist broadleaf forest (52), tropical/subtropical savanna (19), tropical/subtropical wetland (2)

Found in 191 samples

Argentina: Camino, Toma, El Rey National Park (Selva Basal, dry season 1994)

Australia: Australian Botanic Garden

Belize: Belize Groves Management Company Limited (orange orchard #4), Blue Creek Village (Indian Village), Blue Creek Village (Pig Alley), Hill Bank

Bolivia: Noel Kempff Mercado National Park, El Porvenir (birds)

Brazil: Nova Era, Tapajós National Forest (gap), Tapajós National Forest (forest), Estaçäo Ecológica de Águas Emendadas, Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project Site KM41, Säo Paulo Metropolitan Area, Jarí Celulose S.A. (terra firme, control), Serra da Canastra National Park, Jaù National Park (near stream), Jaù National Park (plateau), Fazenda Brejäo, Reserva Florestal do Morro Grande, Rio Paranâ (cerrado, dry season), Palmas, Uberabinha River, Pontal do Paranapanema, Ilha Grande (vertically-mobile nets), Ilha Grande (ground level nets), Poconé Municipality, Chapada dos Guimaräes National Park, Jutaituba, Serra do Condurù State Park, Lago Amaña (terra firme, wet season), Lago Amaña (terra firme, dry season), Federal University of Acre, Guaribas Biological Reserve (fragment III), Reserva Biológica Guaribas (Sema 1), Reserva Biológica Guaribas (Sema 2), Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Engenho Gargaù, Serra dos Órgäos, Vermelho River (edge), Vermelho River (interior)

Burkina Faso: Folonzo Village

Canada: Avalon Peninsula, Calling Lake (treatment), Calling Lake (control), Tantramar Marshes, Charlotte County

Chile: Maule Region, Estación de Investigaciones Ecológicas Mediterrâneas

China: Heshan Hilly Land Interdisciplinary Experimental Station, Gutianshan National Nature Reserve, Mount Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve, Jianfengling Forest Area (500 m), Foping National Nature Reserve (2020), Kanas National Nature Reserve, Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve

Colombia: Mirití Paranâ River, National Natural Park Chingaza, Reserva Forestal Protectora Bosques de la CHEC (plantación de aliso), Reserva Forestal Protectora Bosques de la CHEC (bosque secundario), Parque Nacional Natural Farallones de Cali (forest), Parque Nacional Natural Farallones de Cali (scrub)

Costa Rica: La Selva Biological Station (gap), Savegre Lodge (primary forest), Savegre Lodge (secondary forest), Finca La Bella, University of Georgia San Luis Research Station, Monteverde

Czech Republic: Certak

Denmark: Smakkerup Huse

Ecuador: Tiputini Biodiversity Station (Harpia, 2001), Podocarpus National Park

Egypt: Burullus Ringing Station (Autumn 2005)

France: Camargue National Park, Piémanson Beach

Germany: Mooswald

Ghana: Samole (wet season), Samole (dry season)

Guatemala: Finca Caobanal, Puerto Barrios (mist netted birds)

Honduras: Centro de Investigacíon y Jardín Botânico Lancetilla

India: Wangasara (Coffee plantation)

Italy: Western Trento Province (2012), Parco Regionale Gallipoli Cognato Piccole Dolomiti Lucane

Japan: Tateyama Range, Tsundashi Pass, Otayama Bird-Observatory (1973), Otayama Bird-Observatory (1974), Otayama Bird-Observatory (1975), Otayama Bird-Observatory (1976), Otayama Bird-Observatory (1977), Asaka City, West Coast Park

Jordan: Azraq Wetland Reserve

Kazakhstan: Dzanybek Research Station

Kenya: Nyeri County

Mexico: Sierra de Huautla Biosphere Reserve (birds), Palenque National Park (control sites), Palenque National Park (connected sites), Palenque National Park (unconnected sites), Rancho Santa Elena, Finca Irlanda (winter 2001), Finca Irlanda (winter 2002)

Nicaragua: Siuna (birds, primary forest), Siuna (birds, secondary forest), Siuna (birds, allspice)

Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University Farm

Panama: Chiva Chiva Road (early shrub), Chiva Chiva Road (late shrub), Mamoní Valley

Papua New Guinea: Tari Gap

Paraguay: Para La Tierra Biological Station, Isla Alta

Peru: Cachil Valley, Laguna Anantay Valley, West of Pucallpa

Philippines: Mt. Kitanglad (1500 - 1800 m)

Poland: Zabia Cave (Layer 15)

Portugal: Mata Nacional do Choupal

Romania: Grindul Lupilor

Russia: Biological Station Rybachy, Muraviovka Park, Bistraya River, Lake Turpanie

Slovakia: Ruské, Kurników Beskid Mountain, Gbelce

South Africa: Umdoni Park, Tonqani

Spain: Cazorla (fruitless season), Cazorla (fruiting season), El Viso, Mumao, Cueva de Nerja (Tardiglacial), Cueva de Nerja (Early Holocene)

Sweden: Umea, Boda (1990), Boda (1994), Boda (1997), Rickebasta (1996), Rickebasta (1997), Tolg, Egeside sjö

Switzerland: Portalban (Wald), Bolle di Magadino, Col de Bretolet, Zurich (movement photos)

Tanzania: Amani Site 10, Bunduki Forest Reserve (cold season), Bunduki Forest Reserve (hot season)

Turkey: Dicle Ringing Station (spring 2004)

Uganda: Makerere University Biological Field Station (unlogged), Makerere University Biological Field Station (logged), Zika Forest (outside)

United Kingdom: Wanstead, Portland Bird Observatory

United States: Pine Swamp, Hanson, Camarillo Oak Grove County Park, Horseshoe Bend Research Area, Sandrock Cliff (spring), Sandrock Cliff (fall), El Verde Field Station (30 mm mesh), El Verde Field Station (36 mm mesh), William Trelease Woods (gap, spring), Lighthouse Tract, Lucky Peak (willow riparian), Yakutat, Hiram, Hopland Research and Extension Center, Creamer’s Field Migratory Waterfowl Refuge (spring), Creamer’s Field Migratory Waterfowl Refuge (fall), Dawes County (in-channel), Laudholm Farm, Clayhead Preserve, Raleigh-Durham, China Creek Park, The Wilds, Cole Gravel Pit, Drivers Flat (birds)

Venezuela: Pico Guacamaya, Este del Lago de Valencia (dry season), Este del Lago de Valencia (rainy season), Paso de Portachuelo, Cumanâ, Imataca Forest Reserve Unit 5, Instituto de Biología Experimental (wet season), Instituto de Biología Experimental (dry season)

Zambia: Balmoral, Mwinilunga

See also Turdus abyssinicus, Turdus albicollis, Turdus amaurochalinus, Turdus amourochalymus, Turdus assimilis, Turdus atrogularis, Turdus boulboul, Turdus cardis, Turdus chiguanco, Turdus chrysolaus, Turdus eunomus, Turdus falklandii, Turdus flavipes, Turdus fumigatus, Turdus fuscater, Turdus grayi, Turdus gurneyi, Turdus hauxwelli, Turdus hortulorum, Turdus ignobilis, Turdus iliacus, Turdus lawrencii, Turdus leucomelas, Turdus leucops, Turdus libonyana, Turdus maculirostris, Turdus mandarinus, Turdus merula, Turdus migratorius, Turdus mupinensis, Turdus naumanni, Turdus nigriceps, Turdus nudigenis, Turdus obscurus, Turdus obsoletus, Turdus olivaceus, Turdus olivater, Turdus pallidus, Turdus pelios, Turdus philomelos, Turdus pilaris, Turdus plebejus, Turdus plumbeus, Turdus poliocephalus, Turdus reevei, Turdus rubrocanus, Turdus ruficollis, Turdus rufiventris, Turdus rufopalliatus, Turdus sanchezorum, Turdus serranus, Turdus sp., Turdus subalaris, Turdus torquatus, Turdus viscivorus