Bundu Farm
Basic information
Sample name: Bundu Farm
Reference: P. Kiberd. 2006. Bundu Farm: a report on archaeological and palaeoenvironmental assemblages from a pan site in Bushmanland, Northern Cape, South Africa. South African Archaeological Bulletin 61:189-201 [ER 3856]
Geography
Country: South Africa
State: Northern Cape
Coordinate: 24° 34' 5" S, 22° 12' 25" E
Coordinate basis: stated in text
Time interval: Middle Pleistocene
Max Ma: 0.364032
Min Ma: 0.1457
Age basis: ESR
Geography comments: "adjacent to the Bundu farm-house on the side of the Marydale-Fransenhof Road, 60 km south of Marydale and 70 km west of Prieska"
there are 12 ESR dates ranging from 145,700 +/- 16,000 to 364,032 +/- 30,339 BP
there are 12 ESR dates ranging from 145,700 +/- 16,000 to 364,032 +/- 30,339 BP
Environment
Lithology: siliciclastic (mixed)
Taphonomic context: lake deposit
Archaeology: hearths,stone tools
Habitat comments: "faunal remains appear to be restricted to areas A and B, within horizons G4-6"
Group 4 is "a 300 mm thick, heavily calcified horizon", 5 is "a friable pale red-brown sand-pebble layer beneath solid group 4 calcrete" plus a "calcified red-brown sand layer", and 6 is "a white-grey calcified clay horizon, containing medium to large cobble rubble pieces and occasional artefacts" intrepreted as "a former spring discharge site or zone of seepage"
there are 5166 lithic artefacts plus "burnt animal bone" within possible "hearths"
there is "hyaena damage" on some bones but "By drawing herbivores to it, the site was also attractive to scavengers and hunters... including humans" (so it is primarily not a carnivore or human accumulation)
Group 4 is "a 300 mm thick, heavily calcified horizon", 5 is "a friable pale red-brown sand-pebble layer beneath solid group 4 calcrete" plus a "calcified red-brown sand layer", and 6 is "a white-grey calcified clay horizon, containing medium to large cobble rubble pieces and occasional artefacts" intrepreted as "a former spring discharge site or zone of seepage"
there are 5166 lithic artefacts plus "burnt animal bone" within possible "hearths"
there is "hyaena damage" on some bones but "By drawing herbivores to it, the site was also attractive to scavengers and hunters... including humans" (so it is primarily not a carnivore or human accumulation)
Methods
Life forms: primates,ungulates
Sampling methods: quarry
Sample size: 40 specimens
Years: 1998 - 2003
Sampling comments: there are hyaenid "punctate marks" on some bones and there are ostrich eggshells that have not been counted
Metadata
Sample number: 4222
Contributor: John Alroy
Enterer: John Alroy
Created: 2023-04-11 07:24:11
Modified: 2023-04-10 21:24:11
Abundance distribution
8 species
2 singletons
total count 40
geometric series index: 14.5
Fisher's α: 3.007
geometric series k: 0.6792
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.7641
Shannon's H: 1.7023
Good's u: 0.9524
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts.
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Register
| †Equus capensis | 2 | |
| Equus sp. | 4 | |
| small zebra | ||
| Phacochoerus sp. | 9 | |
| Damaliscus pygargus | 1 | 83 kg grazer-browser |
| "Damaliscus dorcas" | ||
| Connochaetes gnou | 15 | grazer |
| †Megalotragus priscus | 6 | |
| Antidorcas sp. | 1 | |
| Papio sp. | 2 | |