Kiowa Rockshelter (Level 3)
Basic information
Sample name: Kiowa Rockshelter (Level 3)
Reference: D. Gaffney, G. R. Summerhayes, S. Luu, J. Menzies, K. Douglass, M. Spitzer, and S. Bulmer. 2021. Small game hunting in montane rainforests: Specialised capture and broad spectrum foraging in the Late Pleistocene to Holocene New Guinea Highlands. Quaternary Science Reviews 253:106742 [ER 3701]
Geography
Country: Papua New Guinea
State: Chimbu
Coordinate: 5° 54' 30" S, 145° 8' 50" E
Time interval: Holocene
Section: 3701
Unit number: 1
Unit order: above to below
Max Ma: 0.00586
Min Ma: 0.00484
Age basis: radiocarbon (uncalibrated)
Geography comments: "Kiowa is an irregularly shaped limestone rockshelter, about 6 m × 5.5 m, located in Chimbu province of the Central New Guinea Highlands".
"A small tributary to the Mae River is located about 20 m from the site".
Dates for Level 3 of the deposit range from 5860 ± 30 BP to 4840 ± 140 BP.
"A small tributary to the Mae River is located about 20 m from the site".
Dates for Level 3 of the deposit range from 5860 ± 30 BP to 4840 ± 140 BP.
Environment
Lithology: limestone
Taphonomic context: human accumulation,rock shelter
Archaeology: bone tools,hearths,stone tools
Habitat comments: "Kiowa was first occupied during the terminal Pleistocene, with regular occupations continuing until the Mid-Late Holocene ... Level 3 represents the most recent undisturbed habitation deposit, with all underlying levels down to base of excavations characterised by radiating ash lenses, denoting short-duration hearths".
"Few bone and shell artefacts and pottery sherds were excavated from Kiowa; lithics comprise the bulk of the cultural material".
"Few bone and shell artefacts and pottery sherds were excavated from Kiowa; lithics comprise the bulk of the cultural material".
Methods
Life forms: bats,rodents,other large mammals,other small mammals,birds
Sampling methods: quarry
Sample size: 389 specimens
Years: 1960
Sampling comments: "During the 1960 excavations at Kiowa sieves were not used and specimens were collected by hand".
"Following excavation, all cranial and mandibular material along with worked bone, eggshell, and large bones were kept for later analysis. However, due to transportation difficulties only a small subsample of post-cranial material filling two c. 30 × 30 cm bags from each level was retained".
"Following excavation, all cranial and mandibular material along with worked bone, eggshell, and large bones were kept for later analysis. However, due to transportation difficulties only a small subsample of post-cranial material filling two c. 30 × 30 cm bags from each level was retained".
Metadata
Sample number: 3896
Contributor: Benjamin Carter
Enterer: Benjamin Carter
Created: 2022-02-18 17:11:40
Modified: 2023-04-29 06:15:00
Abundance distribution
23 species
6 singletons
total count 389
extrapolated richness: 40.2
Fisher's α: 5.348
geometric series k: 0.7849
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.6847
Shannon's H: 1.7890
Good's u: 0.9846
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts.
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Register
| Dendrolagus sp. | 1 | |
| Dorcopsulus sp. | 8 | |
| Thylogale sp. | 18 | |
| Phalanger carmelitae/vestitus | 58 | |
| Phalanger orientalis | 28 | |
| Phalanger gymnotis | 17 | |
| also 10 Phalanger sp. | ||
| Pseudochirops corinnae | 5 | |
| Pseudochirops cupreus | 3 | |
| Dactylopsila trivirgata | 2 | |
| Echymipera sp. | 2 | |
| Peroryctes sp. | 2 | |
| Phascolosorex sp. | 1 | |
| Zaglossus sp. | 4 | |
| Parahydromys asper | 1 | |
| Anisomys imitator | 3 | |
| Mallomys rothschildi | 13 | |
| Uromys caudimaculatus | 1 | |
| Uromys anak | 7 | |
| Dobsonia magna | 206 | |
| Aproteles bulmerae | 2 | |
| also 1 Megachiroptera sp. | ||
| Rousettus amplexicaudatus | 5 | 71.4 g frugivore |
| also 5 Chiroptera indet. "Small bat sp." | ||
| Thylacinus sp. | 1 | |
| Casuarius bennetti | 1 | 35 kg frugivore |