Abundance: 0.21 to 64.19% (median 3.70%)

Latitudinal range: -8.1° to 38.3°

Habitats: (36), tropical/subtropical dry broadleaf forest (3), tropical/subtropical moist broadleaf forest (2)

Found in 41 samples

Bangladesh: Atora Hill, Rajkandi

Cambodia: Boh Dambang, Vat Komnou

China: Shuidonggou Locality 12, Ma'anshan Cave (upper layer), Ma'anshan Cave (lower layer), Zhoujiazhuang, Gouwan, Tianluoshan, Shuidonggou Locality 7, Ganxian Cave, Bailongdong

India: Takalghat, Naikund, Girawad, Khirsara (layer 2), Bharatpur and Jagannathprasad, Kunal - Period IA (Pre-Harappan - Layer 6), Kunal - Period IA (Pre-Harappan - Layer 7), Kunal - Period IB (Early Harappan - Layer 5), Vadnagar (Ghaskol Darwaza Area), Vadnagar (Khari Kui (Primary School-3) Area), Mitathal (Layer 2), Chandankhera (Period III: Satavahana), Chandankhera (Period IV: Vakataka), Kotada Bhadli, Badmal (Period IB), Gopnath

Indonesia: Buton Utara, Lambusango, Braholo Cave (Excavation Unit G6, Assemblage 4), Braholo Cave (Excavation Unit G6, Assemblage 3), Braholo Cave (Excavation Unit G6, Assemblage 2), Braholo Cave (Excavation Unit G6, Assemblage 1)

Thailand: Ban Rai rockshelter, Tham Lod rockshelter (Unit 1), Tham Lod rockshelter (Unit 2), Tham Lod rockshelter (Unit 3)

Vietnam: Duoi U'Oi, Lang Trang (Cave II, breccia 5)

See also Bubalus arnee, Bubalus bubalis, Bubalus mephistopheles, Bubalus sp., Bubalus spp.