Bolomor Cave (Level XI)
Basic information
Sample name: Bolomor Cave (Level XI)
Reference: R. Blasco and J. F. Peris. 2012. A uniquely broad spectrum diet during the Middle Pleistocene at Bolomor Cave (Valencia, Spain). Quaternary International 252:16-31 [ER 3896]
Geography
Country: Spain
State: Valencia
County: Valencia
Coordinate: 39.072926° N, -0.269804° W
Coordinate basis: estimated from map
Time interval: Middle Pleistocene
Section: Bolomor Cave
Unit number: 11
Unit order: above to below
Max Ma: 0.152
Min Ma: 0.121
Age basis: other
Geography comments: Bolomor Cave is situated on the "southern slope of the Valldigna valley, approximately 2 km southeast of the town of Tavernes"
The coordinates entered are based on Tavernes de la Valldigna as that was the closest possible estimate
"The karst deposit of Bolomor Cave has been dated by Amino Acid Racemization (AR) and Thermoluminescence (TL) to between MIS 9 and MIS 5"
No specific date is provided for Level XI though it is situated immediately above Level XII which is dated to 0.152 Ma +/- 0.023 Ma and multiple layers below Level II which is dated to 0.121 Ma +/- 0.018
The coordinates entered are based on Tavernes de la Valldigna as that was the closest possible estimate
"The karst deposit of Bolomor Cave has been dated by Amino Acid Racemization (AR) and Thermoluminescence (TL) to between MIS 9 and MIS 5"
No specific date is provided for Level XI though it is situated immediately above Level XII which is dated to 0.152 Ma +/- 0.023 Ma and multiple layers below Level II which is dated to 0.121 Ma +/- 0.018
Environment
Lithology: siliciclastic (mixed)
Taphonomic context: cave,human accumulation
Habitat comments: "Bolomor cave is a karst cavity opened to the exterior approximately 500 ka, as a consequence of the erosion of the ravine where is placed"
"The sedimentary sequence of Bolomor Cave consists mainly of allochthonous material of colluvial origin. In addition to these deposits, there are other autochthonous sediments of gravitational origin from the roof subsidence, due to tectonics or weathering processes."
Cut marks are identified predominantly on the long bones of medium-large-sized animals, as well as on some aves and lagomorphs
Incidence of burning is identified on 62.66% of remains
Human tooth marks are found on Aythya sp. and O. cuniculus
Carnivore marks are very scarce, only found on 0.76% of "analyzed remains"
"The sedimentary sequence of Bolomor Cave consists mainly of allochthonous material of colluvial origin. In addition to these deposits, there are other autochthonous sediments of gravitational origin from the roof subsidence, due to tectonics or weathering processes."
Cut marks are identified predominantly on the long bones of medium-large-sized animals, as well as on some aves and lagomorphs
Incidence of burning is identified on 62.66% of remains
Human tooth marks are found on Aythya sp. and O. cuniculus
Carnivore marks are very scarce, only found on 0.76% of "analyzed remains"
Methods
Life forms: rodents,ungulates,other small mammals,birds,turtles
Sampling methods: quarry
Sample size: 554 specimens
Years: 2007, 2008
Sampling comments: 555 of the 1407 remains found at Level XI were identified taxonomically
12 taxa were identified at this level
12 taxa were identified at this level
Metadata
Sample number: 4274
Contributor: Jack Nesbitt
Enterer: Jack Nesbitt
Modifier no: John Alroy
Created: 2023-05-22 09:16:44
Modified: 2024-12-10 04:55:53
Abundance distribution
11 species
0 singletons
total count 554
geometric series index: 15.0
Fisher's α: 1.945
geometric series k: 0.6141
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.6319
Shannon's H: 1.2344
Good's u: 1.0000
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts.
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Register
| Castor fiber | 2 | |
| †Stephanorhinus hemitoechus | 3 | |
| Equus ferus | 2 | 422 kg |
| †Megaloceros giganteus | 2 | |
| Dama sp. | 4 | |
| Cervus elaphus | 55 | 142 kg browser-grazer |
| †Bos primigenius | 2 | |
| †Hemitragus bonali | 16 | |
| "Hemitragis bonali" | ||
| Oryctolagus cuniculus | 262 | 2.5 kg browser-grazer |
| Aythya sp. | 202 | |
| Testudo hermanni | 4 | |