SELECT * FROM sessions,people WHERE ip=20315109220 AND enterer=person_noSELECT p.first_name AS contributor_first,p.last_name AS contributor_last,p2.first_name AS enterer_first,p2.last_name AS enterer_last,t.* FROM people p,people p2,samples t WHERE t.contributor_no=p.person_no AND t.enterer_no=p2.person_no AND t.sample_no=3915 GROUP BY t.sample_noSELECT * FROM samples WHERE sample_no=3915SELECT person_no,first_name,last_name FROM peopleSELECT * FROM refs WHERE ref_no=3705SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE tbl_name='samples';SELECT * FROM register WHERE sample_no=3915 ORDER BY register_no ASCSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Aepyceros' AND (junior_species='melampus' OR junior_species='melampus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Aepyceros' AND (species='melampus' OR species='melampus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Aepyceros' AND (junior_species='melampus' OR junior_species='melampus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Aepyceros' AND (species='melampus' OR species='melampus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Alcelaphus' AND (junior_species='buselaphus' OR junior_species='buselaphus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Alcelaphus' AND (species='buselaphus' OR species='buselaphus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Alcelaphus' AND (junior_species='buselaphus' OR junior_species='buselaphus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Alcelaphus' AND (species='buselaphus' OR species='buselaphus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Caprinae' AND (junior_species='indet.' OR junior_species='indet.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Caprinae' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Caprinae' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Caprinae' AND (junior_species='indet.' OR junior_species='indet.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Caprinae' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Hylochoerus' AND (junior_species='meinertzhageni' OR junior_species='meinertzhagenii')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Hylochoerus' AND (species='meinertzhageni' OR species='meinertzhagenii') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Hylochoerus' AND (species='meinertzhageni' OR species='meinertzhagenii')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Hylochoerus' AND (junior_species='meinertzhageni' OR junior_species='meinertzhagenii')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Hylochoerus' AND (species='meinertzhageni' OR species='meinertzhagenii') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Ourebia' AND (junior_species='ourebi' OR junior_species='ourebii')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Ourebia' AND (species='ourebi' OR species='ourebii') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Ourebia' AND (junior_species='ourebi' OR junior_species='ourebii')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Ourebia' AND (species='ourebi' OR species='ourebii') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Phacochoerus' AND (junior_species='aethiopicus' OR junior_species='aethiopicus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Phacochoerus' AND (species='aethiopicus' OR species='aethiopicus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Phacochoerus' AND (junior_species='aethiopicus' OR junior_species='aethiopicus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Phacochoerus' AND (species='aethiopicus' OR species='aethiopicus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Potamochoerus' AND (junior_species='porcus' OR junior_species='porcus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Potamochoerus' AND (species='porcus' OR species='porcus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Potamochoerus' AND (junior_species='porcus' OR junior_species='porcus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Potamochoerus' AND (species='porcus' OR species='porcus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Raphicerus' AND (junior_species='campestris' OR junior_species='campestris')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Raphicerus' AND (species='campestris' OR species='campestris') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Raphicerus' AND (junior_species='campestris' OR junior_species='campestris')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Raphicerus' AND (species='campestris' OR species='campestris') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Redunca' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Redunca' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Redunca' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Redunca' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Redunca' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Sylvicapra' AND (junior_species='grimmia' OR junior_species='grimmia')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Sylvicapra' AND (species='grimmia' OR species='grimmia') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Sylvicapra' AND (junior_species='grimmia' OR junior_species='grimmia')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Sylvicapra' AND (species='grimmia' OR species='grimmia') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Syncerus' AND (junior_species='caffer' OR junior_species='caffer')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Syncerus' AND (species='caffer' OR species='caffer') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Syncerus' AND (junior_species='caffer' OR junior_species='caffer')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Syncerus' AND (species='caffer' OR species='caffer') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Tragelaphus' AND (junior_species='scriptus' OR junior_species='scriptus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Tragelaphus' AND (species='scriptus' OR species='scriptus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Tragelaphus' AND (junior_species='scriptus' OR junior_species='scriptus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Tragelaphus' AND (species='scriptus' OR species='scriptus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Canis' AND (junior_species='mesomelas' OR junior_species='mesomelas')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Canis' AND (species='mesomelas' OR species='mesomelas') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Canis' AND (junior_species='mesomelas' OR junior_species='mesomelas')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Canis' AND (species='mesomelas' OR species='mesomelas') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Crocuta' AND (junior_species='crocuta' OR junior_species='crocuta')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Crocuta' AND (species='crocuta' OR species='crocuta') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Crocuta' AND (junior_species='crocuta' OR junior_species='crocuta')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Crocuta' AND (species='crocuta' OR species='crocuta') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Felis' AND (junior_species='lybica' OR junior_species='lybica')SELECT junior_genus,junior_species FROM itis WHERE senior_genus='' AND senior_species=''SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Felis' AND (species='lybica' OR species='lybica') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Felis' AND (species='lybica' OR species='lybica')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Felis' AND (junior_species='lybica' OR junior_species='lybica')SELECT junior_genus,junior_species FROM itis WHERE senior_genus='' AND senior_species=''SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Felis' AND (species='lybica' OR species='lybica') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Leptailurus' AND (junior_species='serval' OR junior_species='serval')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Leptailurus' AND (species='serval' OR species='serval') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Leptailurus' AND (junior_species='serval' OR junior_species='serval')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Leptailurus' AND (species='serval' OR species='serval') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Mellivora' AND (junior_species='capensis' OR junior_species='capensis')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Mellivora' AND (species='capensis' OR species='capensis') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Mellivora' AND (junior_species='capensis' OR junior_species='capensis')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Mellivora' AND (species='capensis' OR species='capensis') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Panthera' AND (junior_species='pardus' OR junior_species='pardus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Panthera' AND (species='pardus' OR species='pardus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Panthera' AND (junior_species='pardus' OR junior_species='pardus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Panthera' AND (species='pardus' OR species='pardus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Chlorocebus' AND (junior_species='aethiops' OR junior_species='aethiops')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Chlorocebus' AND (species='aethiops' OR species='aethiops') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Chlorocebus' AND (species='aethiops' OR species='aethiops')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Chlorocebus' AND (junior_species='aethiops' OR junior_species='aethiops')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Chlorocebus' AND (species='aethiops' OR species='aethiops') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Papio' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Papio' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Papio' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Papio' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Papio' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Procaviidae' AND (junior_species='indet.' OR junior_species='indet.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Procaviidae' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Procaviidae' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Procaviidae' AND (junior_species='indet.' OR junior_species='indet.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Procaviidae' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Thryonomys' AND (junior_species='gregorianus' OR junior_species='gregorianus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Thryonomys' AND (species='gregorianus' OR species='gregorianus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Thryonomys' AND (junior_species='gregorianus' OR junior_species='gregorianus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Thryonomys' AND (species='gregorianus' OR species='gregorianus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT * FROM register WHERE sample_no=3915
The Ecological Register: Enkapune Ya Muto (RBL2.1)
Reference:C. W. Marean. 1992. Hunter to herder: large mammal remains from the hunter-gatherer occupation at Enkapune Ya Muto rock-shelter, Central Rift, Kenya. The African Archaeological Review10(1):65-127 [ER 3705]
Geography
Country: Kenya
Coordinate:0° 50' S, 36° 9' E
Coordinate basis: stated in text
Time interval: Holocene
Section: 3705
Unit number: 2
Unit order: above to below
Max Ma: 0.00486
Min Ma: 0.00339
Age basis: radiocarbon (uncalibrated)
Geography comments: "Enkapune Ya Muto (EYM), also known as Twilight Cave, is a large enclosed rock-shelter located on a steep slope in a large incised gully on the eastern face of the Mau Escarpment above the Naivasha basin in the Central Rift Valley of Kenya".
Radiocarbon dates for the RBL2.1 layers range from 4860 ± 70 BP to 3390 ± 185 BP.
•
Environment
Lithology: ash
Taphonomic context: human accumulation,rock shelter
Archaeology: ceramics,stone tools
Habitat comments: "The Mau Escarpment is mostly formed of volcanic ashes and tufts with occasional outcrops of agglomerates and more heavily consolidated lavas. The stratigraphy was complex but the layers were typically distinct and horizontal".
"The six major EYM aggregates preserve various forms of evidence inconsistent with accumulations by porcupines and carnivores, indicating persistent occupation of the shelter by people".
Human accumulation of the remains is "further substantiated by the density of artefacts and the high frequencies of cutmarks on the bones". Stone tools of the Eburran industry, "characterized by geometric and non-geometric microliths produced from narrow blades of obsidian", are present, along with Salasun, Nderit, and Ileret ceramics.
Methods
Life forms: carnivores,primates,rodents,ungulates,other large mammals
Sampling methods: quarry
Sample size: 326 specimens
Sampling comments: "The site was excavated during the two field seasons in 18 1-m squares, placed primarily in the northern section of the rock-shelter. The depth of the deposits, over 5 m, along with a rock shelf warranted reduction of the area excavated in the deeper deposits".
Metadata
Sample number: 3915
Contributor: Benjamin Carter
Enterer: Benjamin Carter
Created: 2022-03-07 13:03:59
Modified: 2023-05-29 23:33:32
Abundance distribution
22 species
6 singletons
total count 326
extrapolated richness: 36.9
Fisher's α: 5.326
geometric series k: 0.7984
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.8122
Shannon's H: 2.1317
Good's u: 0.9816
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts.