SELECT * FROM sessions,people WHERE ip=20315109220 AND enterer=person_noSELECT p.first_name AS contributor_first,p.last_name AS contributor_last,p2.first_name AS enterer_first,p2.last_name AS enterer_last,t.* FROM people p,people p2,samples t WHERE t.contributor_no=p.person_no AND t.enterer_no=p2.person_no AND t.sample_no=4014 GROUP BY t.sample_noSELECT * FROM samples WHERE sample_no=4014SELECT person_no,first_name,last_name FROM peopleSELECT * FROM refs WHERE ref_no=3760SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE tbl_name='samples';SELECT * FROM register WHERE sample_no=4014 ORDER BY register_no ASCSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Capra' AND (junior_species='aegagrus' OR junior_species='aegagrus')SELECT junior_genus,junior_species FROM itis WHERE senior_genus='' AND senior_species=''SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Capra' AND (species='aegagrus' OR species='aegagrus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Capra' AND (junior_species='aegagrus' OR junior_species='aegagrus')SELECT junior_genus,junior_species FROM itis WHERE senior_genus='' AND senior_species=''SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Capra' AND (species='aegagrus' OR species='aegagrus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Bos' AND (junior_species='taurus' OR junior_species='taurus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Bos' AND (species='taurus' OR species='taurus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Bos' AND (junior_species='taurus' OR junior_species='taurus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Bos' AND (species='taurus' OR species='taurus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Cervus' AND (junior_species='elaphus' OR junior_species='elaphus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Cervus' AND (species='elaphus' OR species='elaphus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Cervus' AND (junior_species='elaphus' OR junior_species='elaphus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Cervus' AND (species='elaphus' OR species='elaphus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Capra' AND (junior_species='sibirica' OR junior_species='sibirica')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Capra' AND (species='sibirica' OR species='sibirica') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Capra' AND (species='sibirica' OR species='sibirica')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Capra' AND (junior_species='sibirica' OR junior_species='sibirica')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Capra' AND (species='sibirica' OR species='sibirica') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Bubo' AND (junior_species='bubo' OR junior_species='bubo')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Bubo' AND (species='bubo' OR species='bubo') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Bubo' AND (species='bubo' OR species='bubo')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Bubo' AND (junior_species='bubo' OR junior_species='bubo')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Bubo' AND (species='bubo' OR species='bubo') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Alectoris' AND (junior_species='chukar' OR junior_species='chukar')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Alectoris' AND (species='chukar' OR species='chukar') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Alectoris' AND (species='chukar' OR species='chukar')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Alectoris' AND (junior_species='chukar' OR junior_species='chukar')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Alectoris' AND (species='chukar' OR species='chukar') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT * FROM register WHERE sample_no=4014 The Ecological Register: Begash (Phase 1a)
Begash (Phase 1a)
Basic information
Sample name: Begash (Phase 1a)

Reference: M. Frachetti and N. Benecke. 2009. From sheep to (some) horses: 4500 years of herd structure at the pastoralist settlement of Begash (south-eastern Kazakhstan). Antiquity 83(322):1023-1037 [ER 3760]
Geography
Country: Kazakhstan


Coordinate: 44° 54' N, 78° 30' E
Coordinate basis: stated in text

Time interval: Holocene

Section: 3760

Unit number: 1

Unit order: below to above

Max Ma: 0.00387

Min Ma: 0.00365

Age basis: radiocarbon (uncalibrated)

Geography comments: "The settlement at Begash is located in eastern Kazakhstan (Semirech'ye) in the piedmont zone of the Dzhungar Mountains (950m asl). The site nestles on a flat ravine terrace enclosed by steep canyon walls on the north, west and south, and is situated along a spring-fed stream".
Radiocarbon dates for Phase 1a range from 3870 ± 35 to 3650 ± 45 BP (2460-1950 cal. BC)

•
Environment
Lithology: not described

Taphonomic context: human accumulation,settlement

Archaeology: burials,ceramics,hearths,stone tools,other structures

Habitat comments: "The geography of the site indicates that Begash was a seasonally occupied winter time settlement for regionally mobile pastoralists".
"Phase 1a corresponds with the initial construction of at least one stone-foundation structure by Early Bronze Age pastoralists. The settlement was quadrilateral in shape, with stacked stone wall foundations filled by earthen mortar. A cist burial was excavated in the northern part of the site at the same stratigraphic level as the domestic structure. Within the stone slab cist, were the ashy remains of a cremation, and a few non-diagnostic ceramic fragments. Directly outside the burial cist was a large fire-pit, interpreted as either a funerary fire- or ceremonial fire-pit, given its clear relationship to the cist. The material finds for Phase la include ceramics and stone tools such as grinders and micro-blades. The ceramics are coarse, handmade vessels with heavy flat bottoms. Stone tools, such as a notched hammerstone, chert blade-cores, and micro-lithics were also recovered from Phase la levels".

Methods
Life forms: ungulates,birds

Sampling methods: quarry,screenwash

Sample size: 30 specimens

Years: 2005 - 2006

Sampling comments: "Begash was excavated in 2005 and 2006. During the excavation, faunal remains were carefully collected by hand in all trenches of the site and screening of 50 per cent of the excavated soil was performed through a 10 mm screen. We also wet sieved and floated representative hearth and midden samples from nearly all stratigraphic contexts. While overall bone preservation is good, the remains are characterised by a high degree of fragmentation with only very few bones being complete".

Metadata
Sample number: 4014

Contributor: Benjamin Carter

Enterer: Benjamin Carter

Created: 2022-10-17 16:05:55

Modified: 2023-05-30 02:20:31

Abundance distribution
6 species
3 singletons
total count 30
extrapolated richness: 15.2
Fisher's α: 2.255
geometric series k: 0.5493
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.5080
Shannon's H: 1.1093
Good's u: 0.9000
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts.
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Register
Capra aegagrus hircus322 kg browser-grazer
also 73 Caprinae indet.
Bos taurus20337 kg
Cervus elaphus4104 kg
Capra sibirica1
Bubo bubo12.4 kg
Alectoris chukar1541 g omnivore