SELECT * FROM sessions,people WHERE ip=20315109220 AND enterer=person_noSELECT p.first_name AS contributor_first,p.last_name AS contributor_last,p2.first_name AS enterer_first,p2.last_name AS enterer_last,t.* FROM people p,people p2,samples t WHERE t.contributor_no=p.person_no AND t.enterer_no=p2.person_no AND t.sample_no=4033 GROUP BY t.sample_noSELECT * FROM samples WHERE sample_no=4033SELECT person_no,first_name,last_name FROM peopleSELECT * FROM refs WHERE ref_no=3767SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE tbl_name='samples';SELECT * FROM register WHERE sample_no=4033 ORDER BY register_no ASCSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Sylvicapra' AND (junior_species='grimmia' OR junior_species='grimmia')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Sylvicapra' AND (species='grimmia' OR species='grimmia') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Sylvicapra' AND (junior_species='grimmia' OR junior_species='grimmia')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Sylvicapra' AND (species='grimmia' OR species='grimmia') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Eudorcas' AND (junior_species='rufifrons' OR junior_species='rufifrons')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Eudorcas' AND (species='rufifrons' OR species='rufifrons') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Eudorcas' AND (junior_species='rufifrons' OR junior_species='rufifrons')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Eudorcas' AND (species='rufifrons' OR species='rufifrons') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Capra' AND (junior_species='aegagrus' OR junior_species='aegagrus')SELECT junior_genus,junior_species FROM itis WHERE senior_genus='' AND senior_species=''SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Capra' AND (species='aegagrus' OR species='aegagrus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Capra' AND (junior_species='aegagrus' OR junior_species='aegagrus')SELECT junior_genus,junior_species FROM itis WHERE senior_genus='' AND senior_species=''SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Capra' AND (species='aegagrus' OR species='aegagrus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Bos' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Bos' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Bos' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Bos' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Bos' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Canis' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Canis' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Canis' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Canis' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Canis' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Cricetomys' AND (junior_species='gambianus' OR junior_species='gambianus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Cricetomys' AND (species='gambianus' OR species='gambianus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Cricetomys' AND (junior_species='gambianus' OR junior_species='gambianus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Cricetomys' AND (species='gambianus' OR species='gambianus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Thryonomys' AND (junior_species='swinderianus' OR junior_species='swinderianus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Thryonomys' AND (species='swinderianus' OR species='swinderianus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Thryonomys' AND (junior_species='swinderianus' OR junior_species='swinderianus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Thryonomys' AND (species='swinderianus' OR species='swinderianus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Crocidura' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Crocidura' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Crocidura' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Crocidura' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Crocidura' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Gallus' AND (junior_species='gallus' OR junior_species='gallus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Gallus' AND (species='gallus' OR species='gallus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Gallus' AND (species='gallus' OR species='gallus')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Gallus' AND (junior_species='gallus' OR junior_species='gallus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Gallus' AND (species='gallus' OR species='gallus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Auchenoglanis' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Auchenoglanis' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Auchenoglanis' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Auchenoglanis' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Auchenoglanis' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Clariidae' AND (junior_species='indet.' OR junior_species='indet.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Clariidae' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Clariidae' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Clariidae' AND (junior_species='indet.' OR junior_species='indet.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Clariidae' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Synodontis' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Synodontis' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Synodontis' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Synodontis' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Synodontis' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Lates' AND (junior_species='niloticus' OR junior_species='niloticus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Lates' AND (species='niloticus' OR species='niloticus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Lates' AND (species='niloticus' OR species='niloticus')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Lates' AND (junior_species='niloticus' OR junior_species='niloticus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Lates' AND (species='niloticus' OR species='niloticus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Tilapiini' AND (junior_species='indet.' OR junior_species='indet.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Tilapiini' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Tilapiini' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Tilapiini' AND (junior_species='indet.' OR junior_species='indet.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Tilapiini' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT * FROM register WHERE sample_no=4033 The Ecological Register: Tongo Maaré Diabal (Horizon 4)
Tongo Maaré Diabal (Horizon 4)
Basic information
Sample name: Tongo Maaré Diabal (Horizon 4)

Reference: N. Gestrich and K. C. MacDonald. 2018. On the margins of Ghana and Kawkaw: four seasons of excavation at Tongo Maaré Diabal (AD 500-1150), Mali. Journal of African Archaeology 16(1):1-30 [ER 3767]
Geography
Country: Mali

State: Mopti


Coordinate: 15° 0' N, 2° 57' W
Coordinate basis: based on nearby landmark

Time interval: Holocene

Section: 3767

Unit number: 4

Unit order: below to above

Max Ma: 0.00105

Min Ma: 0.00095

Age basis: radiocarbon (calibrated)

Geography comments: "Tongo Maaré Diabal (TMD) lies in a narrow strip of flatland between two sheer sandstone escarpments (Bandiagara and Dyoundé), 1 km north of the modern town of Douentza, Mali" (basis of coordinate).
"Seven radiocarbon dates provide a 650 year time span for the excavation’s discrete sequence of building events (horizons)". Horizon 4 ranges from AD 900-1000.

•
Environment
Lithology: not described

Taphonomic context: human accumulation,settlement

Archaeology: buildings,ceramics,hearths,metal tools,stone tools,other artifacts,other structures

Habitat comments: "Tongo Maaré Diabal is a settlement mound, 9 ha in extent, and approximately 3 to 4.5 m in elevation above the surrounding plain. The site is at a crossroads on land routes connecting Timbuktu and Gao to the Malian interior, as well as north-western Burkina Faso to the Niger Bend. The sequence of archaeological deposits contains five horizons of superimposed earthen buildings. The occupation appears to have been continuous from the site’s foundation to its abandonment".
"Horizon 4 witnesses a repair of the southern wall of the western structure with coursed earth and the building of a second concession wall, apparently isolating the two structures from one another. It is also at this time that a small pit is dug beneath the doorway of the eastern structure, containing ash and the broken remains of a terracotta equestrian statuette. To the north, a clear zone of fine layers of burnt earth, charcoal and working slag demarcates an area of iron working. Dense evidence for metallurgy remains in the northern concession throughout the rest of the sequence. Two technically and visually distinctive pottery traditions occurred at the site from the beginning of its occupation. Large stone grinding basins were found in some rooms, along with frequent finds of hand grinders throughout the sequence, evidencing the processing of grains in and around the buildings".

Methods
Life forms: carnivores,rodents,ungulates,other small mammals,birds,fishes

Sampling methods: quarry,screenwash

Sample size: 76 specimens

Years: 1993, 1995, 1996, 2010

Sampling comments: "In 1993, 1995 and 1996 two 4 x 4 m units were excavated, termed A and B, joined by a 1 x 4 m baulk (C). This area was excavated to a maximum depth of 4 m before reaching sterile soil. A further 4 x 4 m unit (D) located on the western part of the site, was only excavated to a depth of 1.3 m".
"The main exposure of the 2010 excavations was positioned directly adjacent to units A, B and C. An initial 9 x 5 m trench (unit E) was extended to the northwest by a further 7 x 5 m area (unit F) for a total excavated area of 125 m2 (Exposure 1). In these two units, only the uppermost occupation horizon was excavated, 50 to 80 cm below the surface. A 7 x 4 m unit (Exposure 2) was also excavated on the eastern part of the site".

Metadata
Sample number: 4033

Contributor: Benjamin Carter

Enterer: Benjamin Carter

Created: 2022-10-27 13:36:11

Modified: 2023-05-30 02:58:00

Abundance distribution
14 species
5 singletons
total count 76
extrapolated richness: 26.6
Fisher's α: 5.041
geometric series k: 0.7973
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.8628
Shannon's H: 2.2356
Good's u: 0.9342
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts.
• Find matching samples
• Map matching samples
• Extrapolate richness estimates
Register
Sylvicapra grimmia113 kg browser-grazer
Eudorcas rufifrons130 kg
"Gazella rufifrons"
Capra aegagrus hircus522 kg browser-grazer
"Capra hircus"; also 13 Caprinae indet.
Bos sp.12
also 78 Bovidae indet.
Canis sp.19
Cricetomys gambianus71.4 kg frugivore-granivore
Thryonomys swinderianus45.2 kg
also 1 Rodentia indet.
Crocidura sp.1
Gallus gallus domesticus829.1 g frugivore-granivore
also 3 Phasianoidea indet. and 3 Aves indet.
Auchenoglanis sp.1
Clariidae indet.10
Synodontis sp.1
Lates niloticus3
Tilapiini indet.3