SELECT * FROM sessions,people WHERE ip=20315109220 AND enterer=person_noSELECT p.first_name AS contributor_first,p.last_name AS contributor_last,p2.first_name AS enterer_first,p2.last_name AS enterer_last,t.* FROM people p,people p2,samples t WHERE t.contributor_no=p.person_no AND t.enterer_no=p2.person_no AND t.sample_no=4071 GROUP BY t.sample_noSELECT * FROM samples WHERE sample_no=4071SELECT person_no,first_name,last_name FROM peopleSELECT * FROM refs WHERE ref_no=3775SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE tbl_name='samples';SELECT * FROM register WHERE sample_no=4071 ORDER BY register_no ASCSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Leporidae' AND (junior_species='indet.' OR junior_species='indet.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Leporidae' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Leporidae' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Leporidae' AND (junior_species='indet.' OR junior_species='indet.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Leporidae' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Bathyergus' AND (junior_species='suillus' OR junior_species='suillus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Bathyergus' AND (species='suillus' OR species='suillus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Bathyergus' AND (species='suillus' OR species='suillus')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Bathyergus' AND (junior_species='suillus' OR junior_species='suillus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Bathyergus' AND (species='suillus' OR species='suillus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Papio' AND (junior_species='ursinus' OR junior_species='ursinus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Papio' AND (species='ursinus' OR species='ursinus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Papio' AND (junior_species='ursinus' OR junior_species='ursinus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Papio' AND (species='ursinus' OR species='ursinus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Felis' AND (junior_species='lybica' OR junior_species='lybica')SELECT junior_genus,junior_species FROM itis WHERE senior_genus='' AND senior_species=''SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Felis' AND (species='lybica' OR species='lybica') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Felis' AND (species='lybica' OR species='lybica')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Felis' AND (junior_species='lybica' OR junior_species='lybica')SELECT junior_genus,junior_species FROM itis WHERE senior_genus='' AND senior_species=''SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Felis' AND (species='lybica' OR species='lybica') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Procavia' AND (junior_species='capensis' OR junior_species='capensis')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Procavia' AND (species='capensis' OR species='capensis') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Procavia' AND (junior_species='capensis' OR junior_species='capensis')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Procavia' AND (species='capensis' OR species='capensis') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Equus' AND (junior_species='capensis' OR junior_species='capensis')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Equus' AND (species='capensis' OR species='capensis') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Equus' AND (species='capensis' OR species='capensis')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Equus' AND (junior_species='capensis' OR junior_species='capensis')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Equus' AND (species='capensis' OR species='capensis') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Equus' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Equus' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Equus' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Equus' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Equus' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Taurotragus' AND (junior_species='oryx' OR junior_species='oryx')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Taurotragus' AND (species='oryx' OR species='oryx') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Taurotragus' AND (junior_species='oryx' OR junior_species='oryx')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Taurotragus' AND (species='oryx' OR species='oryx') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Hippotragus' AND (junior_species='leucophaeus' OR junior_species='leucophaeus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Hippotragus' AND (species='leucophaeus' OR species='leucophaeus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Hippotragus' AND (species='leucophaeus' OR species='leucophaeus')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Hippotragus' AND (junior_species='leucophaeus' OR junior_species='leucophaeus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Hippotragus' AND (species='leucophaeus' OR species='leucophaeus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Raphicerus' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Raphicerus' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Raphicerus' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Raphicerus' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Raphicerus' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT * FROM register WHERE sample_no=4071 The Ecological Register: Diepkloof Rock Shelter (Lower MSA)
Diepkloof Rock Shelter (Lower MSA)
Basic information
Sample name: Diepkloof Rock Shelter (Lower MSA)

Reference: T. E. Steele and R. G. Klein. 2013. The Middle and Later Stone Age faunal remains from Diepkloof Rock Shelter, Western Cape, South Africa. Journal of Archaeological Science 40(9):3453-3462 [ER 3775]
Geography
Country: South Africa

State: Western Cape


Coordinate: 32° 23' 12" S, 18° 27' 10" E
Coordinate basis: stated in text

Time interval: Late Pleistocene

Section: 3775

Unit number: 10

Unit order: above to below

Max Ma: 0.107

Min Ma: 0.1

Age basis: OSL

Geography comments: "Diepkloof Rock Shelter is located about 180 km north of Cape Town in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. It faces northeastwards atop an isolated outcrop of quartzitic sandstone, 120 m above the southern bank of the Verlorevlei River, which flows into the Atlantic Ocean about 14 km to the northwest".
"The uncharacterized Lower MSA deposits have been OSL dated to between 107 ± 11 ka and 100 ± 10 ka".

•
Environment
Lithology: not described

Taphonomic context: bird accumulation,human accumulation,rock shelter

Archaeology: stone tools

Habitat comments: "The shelter floor measures 25 m across the mouth and 17–22 m from dripline to rear wall. It is largely surrounded by fallen boulders that provide about 200 sq m of protected space. The MSA deposits reach a depth of about 3.1 m and comprise approximately 160 named stratigraphic units (SUs) that suggest persistent utilization with minimal significant hiatuses. Bone, shell, and well-preserved charcoal occur more or less throughout. Differences in artifact [stone tool] typology and technology have been used to group the SUs into nine complexes". These include an uncharacterized Lower MSA deposit, the technologically distinct "MSA-Mike", "Pre-Still Bay Lynn", "Still Bay", and "MSA-Jack" deposits, three "Howiesons Poort" (HP) deposits (Early, Intermediate, Late), and a "Post-HP" deposit.
"Humans likely introduced the bones of most larger animals, while raptors probably introduced many bones from smaller species, especially hares, dune mole rats, and hyraxes. The low density of lithic material and micro-stratigraphic analysis of the deepest deposits supports a minimal role for humans in accumulating these materials".

Methods
Life forms: carnivores,primates,rodents,ungulates,other large mammals,other small mammals

Sampling methods: quarry,screenwash

Sample size: 255 specimens

Years: 1973 -

Sampling comments: "The excavators divided the shelter surface into 1 × 1 m squares, most of which were further divided into quadrants. They excavated with small trowels and brushes and removed the deposit according to the natural stratigraphy. From 1998, finds with a dimension of >20 mm were assigned individual numbers and plotted in three dimensions. Smaller finds were recovered by square or quadrant from 5-mm mesh screens".

Metadata
Sample number: 4071

Contributor: Benjamin Carter

Enterer: Benjamin Carter

Created: 2023-02-17 14:12:14

Modified: 2023-05-30 04:07:54

Abundance distribution
10 species
5 singletons
total count 255
extrapolated richness: 24.1
Fisher's α: 2.075
geometric series k: 0.5476
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.2085
Shannon's H: 0.5569
Good's u: 0.9804
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts.
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• Map matching samples
• Extrapolate richness estimates
Register
Leporidae indet.6
Bathyergus suillus226
Papio ursinus120 kg
Felis lybica1
"Felis silvestris lybica", also 2 Felinae indet. "Caracal and/or serval"
Procavia capensis112.8 kg browser
Equus capensis1
also 1 "Equus spp."
Equus sp.1
"Equus zebra/quagga"
Taurotragus oryx1393 kg browser-grazer
Hippotragus leucophaeus3
Raphicerus sp.4
also 42 Bovidae indet.