SELECT * FROM sessions,people WHERE ip=20315109220 AND enterer=person_noSELECT p.first_name AS contributor_first,p.last_name AS contributor_last,p2.first_name AS enterer_first,p2.last_name AS enterer_last,t.* FROM people p,people p2,samples t WHERE t.contributor_no=p.person_no AND t.enterer_no=p2.person_no AND t.sample_no=4122 GROUP BY t.sample_noSELECT * FROM samples WHERE sample_no=4122SELECT person_no,first_name,last_name FROM peopleSELECT * FROM refs WHERE ref_no=3791SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE tbl_name='samples';SELECT * FROM register WHERE sample_no=4122 ORDER BY register_no ASCSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Gazella' AND (junior_species='gazella' OR junior_species='gazella')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Gazella' AND (species='gazella' OR species='gazella') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Gazella' AND (junior_species='gazella' OR junior_species='gazella')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Gazella' AND (species='gazella' OR species='gazella') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Capreolus' AND (junior_species='capreolus' OR junior_species='capreolus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Capreolus' AND (species='capreolus' OR species='capreolus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Capreolus' AND (junior_species='capreolus' OR junior_species='capreolus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Capreolus' AND (species='capreolus' OR species='capreolus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Dama' AND (junior_species='dama' OR junior_species='dama')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Dama' AND (species='dama' OR species='dama') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Dama' AND (junior_species='dama' OR junior_species='dama')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Dama' AND (species='dama' OR species='dama') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Sus' AND (junior_species='scrofa' OR junior_species='scrofa')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Sus' AND (species='scrofa' OR species='scrofa') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Sus' AND (junior_species='scrofa' OR junior_species='scrofa')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Sus' AND (species='scrofa' OR species='scrofa') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Bos' AND (junior_species='primigenius' OR junior_species='primigenius')SELECT junior_genus,junior_species FROM itis WHERE senior_genus='' AND senior_species=''SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Bos' AND (species='primigenius' OR species='primigenius') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Bos' AND (species='primigenius' OR species='primigenius')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Bos' AND (junior_species='primigenius' OR junior_species='primigenius')SELECT junior_genus,junior_species FROM itis WHERE senior_genus='' AND senior_species=''SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Bos' AND (species='primigenius' OR species='primigenius') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Lepus' AND (junior_species='capensis' OR junior_species='capensis')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Lepus' AND (species='capensis' OR species='capensis') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Lepus' AND (species='capensis' OR species='capensis')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Lepus' AND (junior_species='capensis' OR junior_species='capensis')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Lepus' AND (species='capensis' OR species='capensis') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Vulpes' AND (junior_species='vulpes' OR junior_species='vulpes')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Vulpes' AND (species='vulpes' OR species='vulpes') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Vulpes' AND (junior_species='vulpes' OR junior_species='vulpes')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Vulpes' AND (species='vulpes' OR species='vulpes') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Martes' AND (junior_species='foina' OR junior_species='foina')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Martes' AND (species='foina' OR species='foina') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Martes' AND (junior_species='foina' OR junior_species='foina')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Martes' AND (species='foina' OR species='foina') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Felis' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Felis' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Felis' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Felis' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Felis' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Meles' AND (junior_species='meles' OR junior_species='meles')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Meles' AND (species='meles' OR species='meles') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Meles' AND (junior_species='meles' OR junior_species='meles')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Meles' AND (species='meles' OR species='meles') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Alectoris' AND (junior_species='chukar' OR junior_species='chukar')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Alectoris' AND (species='chukar' OR species='chukar') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Alectoris' AND (species='chukar' OR species='chukar')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Alectoris' AND (junior_species='chukar' OR junior_species='chukar')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Alectoris' AND (species='chukar' OR species='chukar') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Falconiformes' AND (junior_species='indet.' OR junior_species='indet.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Falconiformes' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Falconiformes' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Falconiformes' AND (junior_species='indet.' OR junior_species='indet.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Falconiformes' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Strigiformes' AND (junior_species='indet.' OR junior_species='indet.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Strigiformes' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Strigiformes' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Strigiformes' AND (junior_species='indet.' OR junior_species='indet.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Strigiformes' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Testudo' AND (junior_species='graeca' OR junior_species='graeca')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Testudo' AND (species='graeca' OR species='graeca') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Testudo' AND (species='graeca' OR species='graeca')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Testudo' AND (junior_species='graeca' OR junior_species='graeca')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Testudo' AND (species='graeca' OR species='graeca') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Ophisaurus' AND (junior_species='apodus' OR junior_species='apodus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Ophisaurus' AND (species='apodus' OR species='apodus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Ophisaurus' AND (species='apodus' OR species='apodus')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Ophisaurus' AND (junior_species='apodus' OR junior_species='apodus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Ophisaurus' AND (species='apodus' OR species='apodus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Serpentes' AND (junior_species='indet.' OR junior_species='indet.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Serpentes' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Serpentes' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Serpentes' AND (junior_species='indet.' OR junior_species='indet.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Serpentes' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT * FROM register WHERE sample_no=4122 The Ecological Register: El-Wad Cave (Late Natufian)
El-Wad Cave (Late Natufian)
Basic information
Sample name: El-Wad Cave (Late Natufian)

Reference: R. Yeshurun, G. Bar-Oz, and M. Weinstein-Evron. 2014. Intensification and sedentism in the terminal Pleistocene Natufian sequence of el-Wad Terrace (Israel). Journal of Human Evolution 70:16-35 [ER 3791]
Geography
Country: Israel


Coordinate: 32° 40' 12" N, 34° 57' 55" E
Coordinate basis: based on nearby landmark

Time interval: Late Pleistocene

Section: 3791

Unit number: 2

Unit order: below to above

Max Ma: 0.013

Min Ma: 0.0117

Geography comments: coordinate based on Nahal Me'arot Nature Reserve, which includes the cave
there are 13 radiocarbon dates for the lower unit that range from "ca. 15,000-13,000 years BP" (calibrated)
the upper unit is undated, but the Late Natufian ends just at the end of the Pleistocene at 11,700 years BP

•
Environment
Lithology: not described

Taphonomic context: cave,human accumulation

Archaeology: bone tools,stone tools,other structures

Habitat comments: "Structures, burials and a high density of finds, specifically chipped lithic and groundstone tools, bone tools, bone and shell ornaments, ochre and a rich faunal assemblage were retrieved"
the assemblage accumulated through discarding of bones by humans
there are burials in both the Early and Late Natufian layers, but there are only structures in the Early Natufian

Methods
Life forms: carnivores,ungulates,other small mammals,birds,lizards,snakes,turtles

Sampling methods: quarry

Sample size: 1555 specimens

Metadata
Sample number: 4122

Contributor: John Alroy

Enterer: John Alroy

Created: 2023-02-24 17:42:41

Modified: 2023-05-30 05:29:09

Abundance distribution
16 species
3 singletons
total count 1555
extrapolated richness: 23.3
Fisher's α: 2.484
geometric series k: 0.6386
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.6357
Shannon's H: 1.3106
Good's u: 0.9981
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts.
• Find matching samples
• Map matching samples
• Extrapolate richness estimates
Register
Gazella gazella30021 kg
Capreolus capreolus122 kg browser
Dama dama mesopotamica362 kg
"Dama mesopotamica"
Sus scrofa654 kg herbivore
Bos primigenius7
Lepus capensis30
Vulpes vulpes435.3 kg carnivore-insectivore
Martes foina61.3 kg carnivore-frugivore
Felis sp.3
Meles meles211 kg invertivore-herbivore
Alectoris chukar5541 g omnivore
"Alectoris chuckar"
Falconiformes indet. medium1
Strigiformes indet.1
Testudo graeca303
Ophisaurus apodus10
plus 94 "lizard"
Serpentes indet.834