SELECT * FROM sessions,people WHERE ip=20315109220 AND enterer=person_noSELECT p.first_name AS contributor_first,p.last_name AS contributor_last,p2.first_name AS enterer_first,p2.last_name AS enterer_last,t.* FROM people p,people p2,samples t WHERE t.contributor_no=p.person_no AND t.enterer_no=p2.person_no AND t.sample_no=4229 GROUP BY t.sample_noSELECT * FROM samples WHERE sample_no=4229SELECT person_no,first_name,last_name FROM peopleSELECT * FROM refs WHERE ref_no=3859SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE tbl_name='samples';SELECT * FROM register WHERE sample_no=4229 ORDER BY register_no ASCSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Mammuthus' AND (junior_species='meridionalis' OR junior_species='meridionalis')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Mammuthus' AND (species='meridionalis' OR species='meridionalis') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Mammuthus' AND (species='meridionalis' OR species='meridionalis')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Mammuthus' AND (junior_species='meridionalis' OR junior_species='meridionalis')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Mammuthus' AND (species='meridionalis' OR species='meridionalis') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Stephanorhinus' AND (junior_species='hundsheimensis' OR junior_species='hundsheimensis')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Stephanorhinus' AND (species='hundsheimensis' OR species='hundsheimensis') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Stephanorhinus' AND (species='hundsheimensis' OR species='hundsheimensis')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Stephanorhinus' AND (junior_species='hundsheimensis' OR junior_species='hundsheimensis')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Stephanorhinus' AND (species='hundsheimensis' OR species='hundsheimensis') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Bison' AND (junior_species='degiulii' OR junior_species='degiuli')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Bison' AND (species='degiulii' OR species='degiuli') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Bison' AND (species='degiulii' OR species='degiuli')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Bison' AND (junior_species='degiulii' OR junior_species='degiuli')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Bison' AND (species='degiulii' OR species='degiuli') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Equus' AND (junior_species='altidens' OR junior_species='altidens')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Equus' AND (species='altidens' OR species='altidens') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Equus' AND (species='altidens' OR species='altidens')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Equus' AND (junior_species='altidens' OR junior_species='altidens')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Equus' AND (species='altidens' OR species='altidens') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Pseudodama' AND (junior_species='farnetensis' OR junior_species='farnetensis')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Pseudodama' AND (species='farnetensis' OR species='farnetensis') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Pseudodama' AND (species='farnetensis' OR species='farnetensis')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Pseudodama' AND (junior_species='farnetensis' OR junior_species='farnetensis')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Pseudodama' AND (species='farnetensis' OR species='farnetensis') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Praemegaceros' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Praemegaceros' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Praemegaceros' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Praemegaceros' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Praemegaceros' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Homotherium' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Homotherium' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Homotherium' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Homotherium' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Homotherium' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Pachycrocuta' AND (junior_species='brevirostris' OR junior_species='brevirostris')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Pachycrocuta' AND (species='brevirostris' OR species='brevirostris') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Pachycrocuta' AND (species='brevirostris' OR species='brevirostris')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Pachycrocuta' AND (junior_species='brevirostris' OR junior_species='brevirostris')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Pachycrocuta' AND (species='brevirostris' OR species='brevirostris') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Ursus' AND (junior_species='etruscus' OR junior_species='etruscus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Ursus' AND (species='etruscus' OR species='etruscus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Ursus' AND (species='etruscus' OR species='etruscus')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Ursus' AND (junior_species='etruscus' OR junior_species='etruscus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Ursus' AND (species='etruscus' OR species='etruscus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Felis' AND (junior_species='lunensis' OR junior_species='lunensis')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Felis' AND (species='lunensis' OR species='lunensis') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Felis' AND (species='lunensis' OR species='lunensis')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Felis' AND (junior_species='lunensis' OR junior_species='lunensis')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Felis' AND (species='lunensis' OR species='lunensis') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Lynx' AND (junior_species='issiodorensis' OR junior_species='issiodorensis')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Lynx' AND (species='issiodorensis' OR species='issiodorensis') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Lynx' AND (species='issiodorensis' OR species='issiodorensis')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Lynx' AND (junior_species='issiodorensis' OR junior_species='issiodorensis')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Lynx' AND (species='issiodorensis' OR species='issiodorensis') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Canis' AND (junior_species='mosbachensis' OR junior_species='mosbachensis')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Canis' AND (species='mosbachensis' OR species='mosbachensis') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Canis' AND (species='mosbachensis' OR species='mosbachensis')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Canis' AND (junior_species='mosbachensis' OR junior_species='mosbachensis')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Canis' AND (species='mosbachensis' OR species='mosbachensis') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Canis' AND (junior_species='lycanoides' OR junior_species='lycanoides')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Canis' AND (species='lycanoides' OR species='lycanoides') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Canis' AND (species='lycanoides' OR species='lycanoides')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Canis' AND (junior_species='lycanoides' OR junior_species='lycanoides')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Canis' AND (species='lycanoides' OR species='lycanoides') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Vulpes' AND (junior_species='alopecoides' OR junior_species='alopecoides')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Vulpes' AND (species='alopecoides' OR species='alopecoides') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Vulpes' AND (species='alopecoides' OR species='alopecoides')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Vulpes' AND (junior_species='alopecoides' OR junior_species='alopecoides')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Vulpes' AND (species='alopecoides' OR species='alopecoides') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Meles' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Meles' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Meles' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Meles' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Meles' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Martes' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Martes' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Martes' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Martes' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Martes' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Hystrix' AND (junior_species='refossa' OR junior_species='refossa')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Hystrix' AND (species='refossa' OR species='refossa') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Hystrix' AND (species='refossa' OR species='refossa')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Hystrix' AND (junior_species='refossa' OR junior_species='refossa')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Hystrix' AND (species='refossa' OR species='refossa') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Testudines' AND (junior_species='indet.' OR junior_species='indet.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Testudines' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Testudines' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Testudines' AND (junior_species='indet.' OR junior_species='indet.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Testudines' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT * FROM register WHERE sample_no=4229 The Ecological Register: Pirro Nord 13
Pirro Nord 13
Basic information
Sample name: Pirro Nord 13

Sample aka: PN13

Reference: R. Chelli, . Cheheb, M. Arzarello, J. Arnaud, C. Berto, I. Cáceres, S. Caracausi, F. Colopi, S. Daffara, G. Montanari Canini, R. Huguet, T. Karambatsou, B. Sala, M. Zambaldi, and G. L. F. Berruti. 2019. Human behavior and Homo-mammal interactions at the first European peopling: new evidence from the Pirro Nord site (Apricena, Southern Italy). Science of Nature 106(16):1-22 [ER 3859]
Geography
Country: Italy


Coordinate: 41° 48' 7" N, 15° 23' 5" E
Coordinate basis: stated in text

Time interval: Early Pleistocene

Max Ma: 1.6

Min Ma: 1.3

Age basis: zone

Geography comments: "close to the village of Apricena" in Apulia
the age estimate is based on the age range of Allophaiomys ruffoi, which is supposedly present but not listed in the data table

•
Environment
Lithology: siliciclastic (mixed)

Taphonomic context: carnivore accumulation,fissure fill,human accumulation

Archaeology: stone tools

Habitat comments: a deposit "more than 4 m thick" that is "inside a karst fissure" with "a sandy loam matrix with clasts and blocks of local lithology"
Unit A is a "thin sandy-clay layer" and B to D are "sandy loam sediment among limestone and calcarenite cobbles and boulders"
the fossils and tools have "been transported inside the fissure, mainly by water and gravitational processes"
there are "14 cut-marked bones" plus carnivore tooth marks on 22 bones (see Table 6), suggesting both human and carnivore accumulation
340 lithic artefacts are present

Methods
Life forms: carnivores,rodents,ungulates,turtles

Sampling methods: quarry

Sample size: 481 specimens

Sampling comments: the deposit "was exposed by the mining activities of the limestone quarry", so it must have been excavated

Metadata
Sample number: 4229

Contributor: John Alroy

Enterer: John Alroy

Created: 2023-04-19 17:29:46

Modified: 2023-04-19 07:29:46

Abundance distribution
18 species
1 singleton
total count 481
extrapolated richness: 21.4
Fisher's α: 3.690
geometric series k: 0.7349
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.7995
Shannon's H: 2.1323
Good's u: 0.9979
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts.
• Find matching samples
• Map matching samples
• Extrapolate richness estimates
Register
Mammuthus meridionalis80
Stephanorhinus cf. hundsheimensis13
Bison (Eobison) degiulii23
Equus altidens26
Pseudodama cf. farnetensis188
Praemegaceros sp.16
Homotherium sp.10
Pachycrocuta brevirostris7
Ursus etruscus17
Felis lunensis8
including 5 tentatively referred specimens
Lynx issiodorensis7
Canis mosbachensis43
Canis (Xenocyon) cf. lycanoides5
"Canis (Xenocyon) cf. lycaonoides"
Vulpes cf. alopecoides6
Meles sp.18
Martes sp.1
Hystrix refossa11
Testudines indet.2