SELECT * FROM sessions,people WHERE ip=20315109220 AND enterer=person_noSELECT p.first_name AS contributor_first,p.last_name AS contributor_last,p2.first_name AS enterer_first,p2.last_name AS enterer_last,t.* FROM people p,people p2,samples t WHERE t.contributor_no=p.person_no AND t.enterer_no=p2.person_no AND t.sample_no=4234 GROUP BY t.sample_noSELECT * FROM samples WHERE sample_no=4234SELECT person_no,first_name,last_name FROM peopleSELECT * FROM refs WHERE ref_no=3861SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE tbl_name='samples';SELECT * FROM register WHERE sample_no=4234 ORDER BY register_no ASCSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Homo' AND (junior_species='heidelbergensis' OR junior_species='heidelbergensis')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Homo' AND (species='heidelbergensis' OR species='heidelbergensis') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Homo' AND (species='heidelbergensis' OR species='heidelbergensis')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Homo' AND (junior_species='heidelbergensis' OR junior_species='heidelbergensis')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Homo' AND (species='heidelbergensis' OR species='heidelbergensis') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Hippopotamus' AND (junior_species='amphibius' OR junior_species='amphibius')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Hippopotamus' AND (species='amphibius' OR species='amphibius') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Hippopotamus' AND (junior_species='amphibius' OR junior_species='amphibius')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Hippopotamus' AND (species='amphibius' OR species='amphibius') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Metridiochoerus' AND (junior_species='compactus' OR junior_species='compactus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Metridiochoerus' AND (species='compactus' OR species='compactus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Metridiochoerus' AND (species='compactus' OR species='compactus')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Metridiochoerus' AND (junior_species='compactus' OR junior_species='compactus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Metridiochoerus' AND (species='compactus' OR species='compactus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Giraffa' AND (junior_species='jumae' OR junior_species='jumae')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Giraffa' AND (species='jumae' OR species='jumae') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Giraffa' AND (species='jumae' OR species='jumae')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Giraffa' AND (junior_species='jumae' OR junior_species='jumae')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Giraffa' AND (species='jumae' OR species='jumae') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Pelorovis' AND (junior_species='oldowayensis' OR junior_species='oldowayensis')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Pelorovis' AND (species='oldowayensis' OR species='oldowayensis') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Pelorovis' AND (species='oldowayensis' OR species='oldowayensis')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Pelorovis' AND (junior_species='oldowayensis' OR junior_species='oldowayensis')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Pelorovis' AND (species='oldowayensis' OR species='oldowayensis') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Connochaetes' AND (junior_species='taurinus' OR junior_species='taurinus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Connochaetes' AND (species='taurinus' OR species='taurinus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Connochaetes' AND (junior_species='taurinus' OR junior_species='taurinus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Connochaetes' AND (species='taurinus' OR species='taurinus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Damaliscus' AND (junior_species='niro' OR junior_species='niro')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Damaliscus' AND (species='niro' OR species='niro') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Damaliscus' AND (species='niro' OR species='niro')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Damaliscus' AND (junior_species='niro' OR junior_species='niro')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Damaliscus' AND (species='niro' OR species='niro') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Kobus' AND (junior_species='kob' OR junior_species='kob')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Kobus' AND (species='kob' OR species='kob') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Kobus' AND (junior_species='kob' OR junior_species='kob')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Kobus' AND (species='kob' OR species='kob') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Kobus' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Kobus' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Kobus' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Kobus' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Kobus' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Gazella' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Gazella' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Gazella' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Gazella' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Gazella' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Diceros' AND (junior_species='bicornis' OR junior_species='bicornis')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Diceros' AND (species='bicornis' OR species='bicornis') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Diceros' AND (junior_species='bicornis' OR junior_species='bicornis')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Diceros' AND (species='bicornis' OR species='bicornis') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Equidae' AND (junior_species='indet.' OR junior_species='indet.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Equidae' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Equidae' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Equidae' AND (junior_species='indet.' OR junior_species='indet.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Equidae' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Hyaena' AND (junior_species='hyaena' OR junior_species='hyaena')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Hyaena' AND (species='hyaena' OR species='hyaena') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Hyaena' AND (junior_species='hyaena' OR junior_species='hyaena')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Hyaena' AND (species='hyaena' OR species='hyaena') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Canis' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Canis' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Canis' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Canis' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Canis' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Tachyoryctes' AND (junior_species='konjiti' OR junior_species='konjitii')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Tachyoryctes' AND (species='konjiti' OR species='konjitii') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Tachyoryctes' AND (species='konjiti' OR species='konjitii')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Tachyoryctes' AND (junior_species='konjiti' OR junior_species='konjitii')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Tachyoryctes' AND (species='konjiti' OR species='konjitii') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Tadorna' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Tadorna' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Tadorna' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Tadorna' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Tadorna' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT * FROM register WHERE sample_no=4234 The Ecological Register: Gombore II
Gombore II
Basic information
Sample name: Gombore II

Sample aka: Melka Kunture

Reference: R. Gallotti, C. Collina, J.-P. Raynal, G. Kieffer, D. Geraads, and M. Piperno. 2010. The early Middle Pleistocene site of Gombore II (Melka Kunture, Upper Awash, Ethiopia) and the issue of Acheulean bifacial shaping strategies. African Archaeological Review 27:291-322 [ER 3861]
Geography
Country: Ethiopia


Coordinate: 8.704733° N, 38.601631° E
Coordinate basis: stated in text

Time interval: Early Pleistocene

Max Ma: 0.875

Min Ma: 0.709

Age basis: Ar-Ar

Geography comments: based on Fig. 1, the coordinate given by Altamura et al. (2018) for "the area of Melka Kunture" applies to the Gombore cluster of sites and possibly to Gombore II itself, so it is used here
the site "dates to circa the Brunhes Matuyama Reversal" and Altamura et al. (2018) state that it lies between "volcanic sediments dated by 40Ar/39Ar to 0.875 ± 0.010 Ma and 0.709 ± 0.013 Ma, respectively"

•
Environment
Lithology: siliciclastic (mixed)

Taphonomic context: fluvial deposit

Archaeology: stone tools

Habitat comments: six stratigraphic levels within the lower local unit are described, of which the "0.10 m thick" unit CPB yielded artefacts and fossils; it is a "Clast-supported thin pebble bed" with a "sandy matrix" that represents a fluvial channel
however, some fossils were recovered from the upper local unit at the hippopotamus "Butchering Site" within the larger locality
there are 1753 lithic artefacts in total

Methods
Life forms: carnivores,primates,rodents,ungulates,birds

Sampling methods: quarry

Sample size: 421 specimens

Years: 1966 - 1975, 1992 - 1995, 2001

Sampling comments: there are multiple sublocalities excavated in different years, including the Open Air Museum excavated in 2001, but a faunal list is only given for the entire site and all excavations
Altamura et al. (2018) refer the "Homo erectus" material to Homo heidelbergensis

Metadata
Sample number: 4234

Contributor: John Alroy

Enterer: John Alroy

Created: 2023-04-19 21:36:19

Modified: 2023-04-19 11:46:24

Abundance distribution
16 species
6 singletons
total count 421
extrapolated richness: 32.1
Fisher's α: 3.293
geometric series k: 0.6843
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.4836
Shannon's H: 1.1532
Good's u: 0.9858
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts.
• Find matching samples
• Map matching samples
• Extrapolate richness estimates
Register
Homo heidelbergensis2
Hippopotamus cf. amphibius2961107 kg grazer
Metridiochoerus ? compactus1
Giraffa cf. jumae1
Pelorovis cf. oldowayensis34
Connochaetes taurinus8202 kg grazer-browser
Damaliscus niro5
Kobus cf. kob377 kg grazer
Kobus sp.2
large
Gazella sp.4
Diceros bicornis1894 kg browser
Equidae indet.47
including Hipparion sensu lato and Equus cf. mauritanicum
Hyaena cf. hyaena130 kg carnivore-insectivore
Canis sp.1
Tachyoryctes konjiti14
Tadorna sp.1
compared to