SELECT * FROM sessions,people WHERE ip=20315109220 AND enterer=person_noSELECT p.first_name AS contributor_first,p.last_name AS contributor_last,p2.first_name AS enterer_first,p2.last_name AS enterer_last,t.* FROM people p,people p2,samples t WHERE t.contributor_no=p.person_no AND t.enterer_no=p2.person_no AND t.sample_no=4267 GROUP BY t.sample_noSELECT * FROM samples WHERE sample_no=4267SELECT person_no,first_name,last_name FROM peopleSELECT * FROM refs WHERE ref_no=3888SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE tbl_name='samples';SELECT * FROM register WHERE sample_no=4267 ORDER BY register_no ASCSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Carnivora' AND (junior_species='indet.' OR junior_species='indet.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Carnivora' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Carnivora' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Carnivora' AND (junior_species='indet.' OR junior_species='indet.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Carnivora' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Stephanorhinus' AND (junior_species='hemitoechus' OR junior_species='hemitoechus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Stephanorhinus' AND (species='hemitoechus' OR species='hemitoechus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Stephanorhinus' AND (species='hemitoechus' OR species='hemitoechus')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Stephanorhinus' AND (junior_species='hemitoechus' OR junior_species='hemitoechus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Stephanorhinus' AND (species='hemitoechus' OR species='hemitoechus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Equus' AND (junior_species='ferus' OR junior_species='ferus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Equus' AND (species='ferus' OR species='ferus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Equus' AND (junior_species='ferus' OR junior_species='ferus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Equus' AND (species='ferus' OR species='ferus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Equus' AND (junior_species='hydruntinus' OR junior_species='hydruntinus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Equus' AND (species='hydruntinus' OR species='hydruntinus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Equus' AND (species='hydruntinus' OR species='hydruntinus')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Equus' AND (junior_species='hydruntinus' OR junior_species='hydruntinus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Equus' AND (species='hydruntinus' OR species='hydruntinus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Sus' AND (junior_species='scrofa' OR junior_species='scrofa')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Sus' AND (species='scrofa' OR species='scrofa') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Sus' AND (junior_species='scrofa' OR junior_species='scrofa')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Sus' AND (species='scrofa' OR species='scrofa') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Dama' AND (junior_species='dama' OR junior_species='dama')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Dama' AND (species='dama' OR species='dama') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Dama' AND (junior_species='dama' OR junior_species='dama')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Dama' AND (species='dama' OR species='dama') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Cervus' AND (junior_species='elaphus' OR junior_species='elaphus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Cervus' AND (species='elaphus' OR species='elaphus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Cervus' AND (junior_species='elaphus' OR junior_species='elaphus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Cervus' AND (species='elaphus' OR species='elaphus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Bos' AND (junior_species='primigenius' OR junior_species='primigenius')SELECT junior_genus,junior_species FROM itis WHERE senior_genus='' AND senior_species=''SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Bos' AND (species='primigenius' OR species='primigenius') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Bos' AND (species='primigenius' OR species='primigenius')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Bos' AND (junior_species='primigenius' OR junior_species='primigenius')SELECT junior_genus,junior_species FROM itis WHERE senior_genus='' AND senior_species=''SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Bos' AND (species='primigenius' OR species='primigenius') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Capra' AND (junior_species='aegagrus' OR junior_species='aegagrus')SELECT junior_genus,junior_species FROM itis WHERE senior_genus='' AND senior_species=''SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Capra' AND (species='aegagrus' OR species='aegagrus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Capra' AND (junior_species='aegagrus' OR junior_species='aegagrus')SELECT junior_genus,junior_species FROM itis WHERE senior_genus='' AND senior_species=''SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Capra' AND (species='aegagrus' OR species='aegagrus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Capreolus' AND (junior_species='capreolus' OR junior_species='capreolus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Capreolus' AND (species='capreolus' OR species='capreolus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Capreolus' AND (junior_species='capreolus' OR junior_species='capreolus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Capreolus' AND (species='capreolus' OR species='capreolus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Testudo' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Testudo' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Testudo' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Testudo' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Testudo' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Aves' AND (junior_species='indet.' OR junior_species='indet.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Aves' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Aves' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Aves' AND (junior_species='indet.' OR junior_species='indet.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Aves' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Columba' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Columba' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Columba' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Columba' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Columba' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Corvus' AND (junior_species='ruficollis' OR junior_species='ruficollis')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Corvus' AND (species='ruficollis' OR species='ruficollis') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Corvus' AND (species='ruficollis' OR species='ruficollis')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Corvus' AND (junior_species='ruficollis' OR junior_species='ruficollis')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Corvus' AND (species='ruficollis' OR species='ruficollis') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT * FROM register WHERE sample_no=4267 The Ecological Register: Qesem Cave Hearth unit
Qesem Cave Hearth unit
Basic information
Sample name: Qesem Cave Hearth unit

Reference: R. Blasco, J. Rosell, K. T. Smith, L. C. Maul, P. Sanudo, R. Barkai, and A. Gopher. 2016. Tortoises as a dietary supplement: A view from the Middle Pleistocene site of Qesem Cave, Israel. Quaternary Science Reviews 133:165-182 [ER 3888]
Geography
Country: Israel

State: Center District


Coordinate: 32.109962° N, 34.979996° E
Coordinate basis: estimated from map

Time interval: Middle Pleistocene

Max Ma: 0.42

Min Ma: 0.3

Age basis: U/Th

Geography comments: Located on the "moderate western slopes of the Samaria Hills" ~12km east of Tel Aviv

Gopher et al 2010 provide U-Th evidence to establish the range of 0.420-0.300 Ma

Shahack-Gross et al 2014 determine the hearth to be in repeated use from ca. 0.300 Ma

•
Environment
Lithology: siliciclastic (mixed)

Taphonomic context: bird accumulation,cave,human accumulation

Archaeology: hearths,stone tools

Habitat comments: "The stratigraphic sequence is divided into two parts: the lower sequence (~6 m thick), consisting of sediments with clastic content gravel and clays; and the upper sequence (~4.5 m thick), consisting of cemented sediment with a large ashy component"

"The low breakage and corrosion frequencies on microfaunal bones, as well other taphonomic attributes, led Smith et al. (2013, in press) to suggest that Barn Owls were probably the responsible agents for the eastern accumulation"

Tortoise remains show indications of anthropogenic alterations such as cut marks and preferential breakage to open the shell. As well as this alterations due to heat exposure indicate methods of cooking the tortoises

Methods
Life forms: carnivores,rodents,ungulates,birds,turtles

Sampling methods: quarry

Sample size: 2967 specimens

Years: 2006, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013

Sampling comments: The hearth unit corresponds to a superimposed central hearth, with specimens coming from the "topmost part of the lower sequence"

This sample comprises 37304 specimens, of which 2995 were identified at the species level (8%)

"Cervidae: 28" was left out

"Species-level identification is currently under review, and for this reason we here refer the elements to Testudo sp."

Metadata
Sample number: 4267

Contributor: Jack Nesbitt

Enterer: Jack Nesbitt

Created: 2023-05-16 13:42:13

Modified: 2023-05-16 04:29:42

Abundance distribution
14 species
3 singletons
total count 2967
extrapolated richness: 19.8
Fisher's α: 1.904
geometric series k: 0.5501
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.3530
Shannon's H: 0.8624
Good's u: 0.9990
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts.
• Find matching samples
• Map matching samples
• Extrapolate richness estimates
Register
Carnivora indet.1
Stephanorhinus hemitoechus12
Equus ferus103422 kg
Equus hydruntinus18
Sus scrofa3854 kg herbivore
Dama dama237062 kg
"Dama cf. mesopotamica"
Cervus cf. elaphus213104 kg
Bos primigenius123
Capra aegagrus122 kg browser-grazer
Capreolus capreolus2522 kg browser
questionably assigned
Testudo sp.57
Aves indet.2
Columba sp.1
Corvus ruficollis3