SELECT * FROM sessions,people WHERE ip=20315109220 AND enterer=person_noSELECT p.first_name AS contributor_first,p.last_name AS contributor_last,p2.first_name AS enterer_first,p2.last_name AS enterer_last,t.* FROM people p,people p2,samples t WHERE t.contributor_no=p.person_no AND t.enterer_no=p2.person_no AND t.sample_no=4278 GROUP BY t.sample_noSELECT * FROM samples WHERE sample_no=4278SELECT person_no,first_name,last_name FROM peopleSELECT * FROM refs WHERE ref_no=3896SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE tbl_name='samples';SELECT * FROM register WHERE sample_no=4278 ORDER BY register_no ASCSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Palaeoloxodon' AND (junior_species='antiquus' OR junior_species='antiquus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Palaeoloxodon' AND (species='antiquus' OR species='antiquus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Palaeoloxodon' AND (species='antiquus' OR species='antiquus')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Palaeoloxodon' AND (junior_species='antiquus' OR junior_species='antiquus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Palaeoloxodon' AND (species='antiquus' OR species='antiquus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Stephanorhinus' AND (junior_species='hemitoechus' OR junior_species='hemitoechus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Stephanorhinus' AND (species='hemitoechus' OR species='hemitoechus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Stephanorhinus' AND (species='hemitoechus' OR species='hemitoechus')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Stephanorhinus' AND (junior_species='hemitoechus' OR junior_species='hemitoechus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Stephanorhinus' AND (species='hemitoechus' OR species='hemitoechus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Equus' AND (junior_species='ferus' OR junior_species='ferus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Equus' AND (species='ferus' OR species='ferus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Equus' AND (junior_species='ferus' OR junior_species='ferus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Equus' AND (species='ferus' OR species='ferus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Megaloceros' AND (junior_species='giganteus' OR junior_species='giganteus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Megaloceros' AND (species='giganteus' OR species='giganteus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Megaloceros' AND (species='giganteus' OR species='giganteus')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Megaloceros' AND (junior_species='giganteus' OR junior_species='giganteus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Megaloceros' AND (species='giganteus' OR species='giganteus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Dama' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Dama' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Dama' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Dama' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Dama' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Cervus' AND (junior_species='elaphus' OR junior_species='elaphus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Cervus' AND (species='elaphus' OR species='elaphus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Cervus' AND (junior_species='elaphus' OR junior_species='elaphus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Cervus' AND (species='elaphus' OR species='elaphus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Bos' AND (junior_species='primigenius' OR junior_species='primigenius')SELECT junior_genus,junior_species FROM itis WHERE senior_genus='' AND senior_species=''SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Bos' AND (species='primigenius' OR species='primigenius') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Bos' AND (species='primigenius' OR species='primigenius')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Bos' AND (junior_species='primigenius' OR junior_species='primigenius')SELECT junior_genus,junior_species FROM itis WHERE senior_genus='' AND senior_species=''SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Bos' AND (species='primigenius' OR species='primigenius') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Hemitragus' AND (junior_species='bonali' OR junior_species='bonalii')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Hemitragus' AND (species='bonali' OR species='bonalii') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Hemitragus' AND (species='bonali' OR species='bonalii')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Hemitragus' AND (junior_species='bonali' OR junior_species='bonalii')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Hemitragus' AND (species='bonali' OR species='bonalii') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Oryctolagus' AND (junior_species='cuniculus' OR junior_species='cuniculus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Oryctolagus' AND (species='cuniculus' OR species='cuniculus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Oryctolagus' AND (junior_species='cuniculus' OR junior_species='cuniculus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Oryctolagus' AND (species='cuniculus' OR species='cuniculus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Passeriformes' AND (junior_species='indet.' OR junior_species='indet.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Passeriformes' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Passeriformes' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Passeriformes' AND (junior_species='indet.' OR junior_species='indet.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Passeriformes' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Phasianidae' AND (junior_species='indet.' OR junior_species='indet.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Phasianidae' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Phasianidae' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Phasianidae' AND (junior_species='indet.' OR junior_species='indet.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Phasianidae' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Anas' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Anas' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Anas' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Anas' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Anas' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT * FROM register WHERE sample_no=4278 The Ecological Register: Bolomor Cave (Level XVIIc)
Bolomor Cave (Level XVIIc)
Basic information
Sample name: Bolomor Cave (Level XVIIc)

Reference: R. Blasco and J. F. Peris. 2012. A uniquely broad spectrum diet during the Middle Pleistocene at Bolomor Cave (Valencia, Spain). Quaternary International 252:16-31 [ER 3896]
Geography
Country: Spain

State: Valencia


Coordinate: 39.072926° N, -0.269804° W
Coordinate basis: estimated from map

Time interval: Middle Pleistocene

Section: XVIIc

Unit order: above to below

Ma: 0.525

Age basis: other

Geography comments: Bolomor Cave is situated on the "southern slope of the Valldigna valley, approximately 2 km southeast of the town of Tavernes"

The coordinates entered are based on Tavernes de la Valldigna as that was the closest possible estimate

"The karst deposit of Bolomor Cave has been dated by Amino Acid Racemization (AR) and Thermoluminescence (TL) to between MIS 9 and MIS 5"

Level XVII has been dated to 0.525 Ma +/- 0.125 Ma using "Amino Acid Racemization"

•
Environment
Lithology: siliciclastic (mixed)

Taphonomic context: carnivore accumulation,cave,human accumulation

Habitat comments: "Bolomor cave is a karst cavity opened to the exterior approximately 500 ka, as a consequence of the erosion of the ravine where is placed"

"The sedimentary sequence of Bolomor Cave consists mainly of allochthonous material of colluvial origin. In addition to these deposits, there are other autochthonous sediments of gravitational origin from the roof subsidence, due to tectonics or weathering processes."

Level XVII is divided into three morphological and sedimentological sub-levels (XVIIa, XVIIb, XVIIc)

Level XVIIc is the most ancient level at Bolomor Cave

Anthropogenic cut marks are observed mainly on the long bones of medium-large animals but also appear on lagomorphs, as well as on two Aves bones

Carnivore damage is present on 29 ungulate remains

"The human consumption of small prey seems to be habitual among hominids that inhabited Bolomor Cave from the earliest moments. Therefore, it is possible to support a certain anthropic recurrence to these animals throughout the sedimentary sequence"

Methods
Life forms: ungulates,other small mammals,birds

Sampling methods: quarry

Sample size: 732 specimens

Years: 1991, 1996

Sampling comments: 732 of the 1307 remains found at Level XVIIc were identified to the species level

12 species of large and small animals were found


Metadata
Sample number: 4278

Contributor: Jack Nesbitt

Enterer: Jack Nesbitt

Created: 2023-05-22 15:39:03

Modified: 2023-05-23 00:30:55

Abundance distribution
12 species
1 singleton
total count 732
extrapolated richness: 14.7
Fisher's α: 2.039
geometric series k: 0.5730
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.5690
Shannon's H: 1.2867
Good's u: 0.9986
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts.
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Register
Palaeoloxodon antiquus2
"Paleoloxodon antiquus"
Stephanorhinus hemitoechus1
Equus ferus56422 kg
Megaloceros giganteus8
Dama sp.13
Cervus elaphus132104 kg
Bos primigenius22
Hemitragus bonali6
"Hemitragis bonali"
Oryctolagus cuniculus4572.5 kg browser-grazer
Passeriformes indet.9
"Passeriforme"
Phasianidae indet.10
Anas sp.16