SELECT * FROM sessions,people WHERE ip=20315109220 AND enterer=person_noSELECT p.first_name AS contributor_first,p.last_name AS contributor_last,p2.first_name AS enterer_first,p2.last_name AS enterer_last,t.* FROM people p,people p2,samples t WHERE t.contributor_no=p.person_no AND t.enterer_no=p2.person_no AND t.sample_no=4343 GROUP BY t.sample_noSELECT * FROM samples WHERE sample_no=4343SELECT person_no,first_name,last_name FROM peopleSELECT * FROM refs WHERE ref_no=3938SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE tbl_name='samples';SELECT * FROM register WHERE sample_no=4343 ORDER BY register_no ASCSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Lynx' AND (junior_species='pardinus' OR junior_species='pardinus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Lynx' AND (species='pardinus' OR species='pardinus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Lynx' AND (junior_species='pardinus' OR junior_species='pardinus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Lynx' AND (species='pardinus' OR species='pardinus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Panthera' AND (junior_species='spelaea' OR junior_species='spelaea')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Panthera' AND (species='spelaea' OR species='spelaea') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Panthera' AND (species='spelaea' OR species='spelaea')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Panthera' AND (junior_species='spelaea' OR junior_species='spelaea')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Panthera' AND (species='spelaea' OR species='spelaea') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Crocuta' AND (junior_species='spelaea' OR junior_species='spelaea')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Crocuta' AND (species='spelaea' OR species='spelaea') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Crocuta' AND (species='spelaea' OR species='spelaea')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Crocuta' AND (junior_species='spelaea' OR junior_species='spelaea')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Crocuta' AND (species='spelaea' OR species='spelaea') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Canis' AND (junior_species='lupus' OR junior_species='lupus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Canis' AND (species='lupus' OR species='lupus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Canis' AND (junior_species='lupus' OR junior_species='lupus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Canis' AND (species='lupus' OR species='lupus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Vulpes' AND (junior_species='vulpes' OR junior_species='vulpes')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Vulpes' AND (species='vulpes' OR species='vulpes') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Vulpes' AND (junior_species='vulpes' OR junior_species='vulpes')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Vulpes' AND (species='vulpes' OR species='vulpes') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Ursus' AND (junior_species='spelaeus' OR junior_species='spelaeus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Ursus' AND (species='spelaeus' OR species='spelaeus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Ursus' AND (species='spelaeus' OR species='spelaeus')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Ursus' AND (junior_species='spelaeus' OR junior_species='spelaeus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Ursus' AND (species='spelaeus' OR species='spelaeus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Cervus' AND (junior_species='elaphus' OR junior_species='elaphus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Cervus' AND (species='elaphus' OR species='elaphus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Cervus' AND (junior_species='elaphus' OR junior_species='elaphus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Cervus' AND (species='elaphus' OR species='elaphus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Megaloceros' AND (junior_species='giganteus' OR junior_species='giganteus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Megaloceros' AND (species='giganteus' OR species='giganteus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Megaloceros' AND (species='giganteus' OR species='giganteus')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Megaloceros' AND (junior_species='giganteus' OR junior_species='giganteus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Megaloceros' AND (species='giganteus' OR species='giganteus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Capra' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Capra' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Capra' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Capra' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Capra' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Bison' AND (junior_species='priscus' OR junior_species='priscus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Bison' AND (species='priscus' OR species='priscus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Bison' AND (species='priscus' OR species='priscus')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Bison' AND (junior_species='priscus' OR junior_species='priscus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Bison' AND (species='priscus' OR species='priscus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Mammuthus' AND (junior_species='primigenius' OR junior_species='primigenius')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Mammuthus' AND (species='primigenius' OR species='primigenius') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Mammuthus' AND (species='primigenius' OR species='primigenius')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Mammuthus' AND (junior_species='primigenius' OR junior_species='primigenius')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Mammuthus' AND (species='primigenius' OR species='primigenius') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Equus' AND (junior_species='ferus' OR junior_species='ferus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Equus' AND (species='ferus' OR species='ferus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Equus' AND (junior_species='ferus' OR junior_species='ferus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Equus' AND (species='ferus' OR species='ferus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Equus' AND (junior_species='hydruntinus' OR junior_species='hydruntinus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Equus' AND (species='hydruntinus' OR species='hydruntinus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Equus' AND (species='hydruntinus' OR species='hydruntinus')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Equus' AND (junior_species='hydruntinus' OR junior_species='hydruntinus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Equus' AND (species='hydruntinus' OR species='hydruntinus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT * FROM register WHERE sample_no=4343
Reference:P. Fernandez and J.-L. Guadelli. 2008. Etude préliminaire des grands mammifères du repaire d'hyènes de Redaka II (Bulgarie du nord ouest): paléontologie, paléoécologie et taphonomie. Quaternaire19(1):43-68 [ER 3938]
Geography
Country: Bulgaria
Coordinate:43.76° N, 22.47° E
Coordinate basis: estimated from map
Time interval: Late Pleistocene
Max Ma: 0.03817
Min Ma: 0.02537
Age basis: radiocarbon (uncalibrated)
Geography comments: coordinate based on the map of Guadelli et al. (2013: https://hal.science/hal-01178351/document), which places the cave very close to the town of Rakovitsa
there are radiocarbon dates of 38,170 +/0 490 BP for layer 4bc and 25,370 BP (no error given) for "the upper part of Layer 4" according to Guadelli et al. (2013)
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Environment
Lithology: siltstone
Taphonomic context: carnivore accumulation,cave
Archaeology: stone tools
Habitat comments: layer 4 is "un limon argileux brun, riche en cailloux calcaires (support matriciel localement clastique á structure fermée)"
interpreted as a hyaena den and a human occupation site
there are stone artefacts of middle Palaeolithic (specifically Levallois) and late Palaeolithic aspects, and also cutmarks, burnt bones, and impact marks
Methods
Life forms: carnivores,ungulates
Sampling methods: quarry
Sample size: 96 specimens
Years: 2005, 2006
Sampling comments: no details on excavation methods are given
the material reported here was excavated in 2005 and 2006 according to Guadelli et al. (2013)
small vertebrates are not discussed
Metadata
Sample number: 4343
Contributor: John Alroy
Enterer: John Alroy
Created: 2023-08-13 19:49:04
Modified: 2023-08-13 09:49:04
Abundance distribution
13 species
5 singletons
total count 96
extrapolated richness: 26.7
Fisher's α: 4.055
geometric series k: 0.7268
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.7274
Shannon's H: 1.7898
Good's u: 0.9484
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts.