SELECT * FROM sessions,people WHERE ip=20315109220 AND enterer=person_noSELECT p.first_name AS contributor_first,p.last_name AS contributor_last,p2.first_name AS enterer_first,p2.last_name AS enterer_last,t.* FROM people p,people p2,samples t WHERE t.contributor_no=p.person_no AND t.enterer_no=p2.person_no AND t.sample_no=4363 GROUP BY t.sample_noSELECT * FROM samples WHERE sample_no=4363SELECT person_no,first_name,last_name FROM peopleSELECT * FROM refs WHERE ref_no=3952SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE tbl_name='samples';SELECT * FROM register WHERE sample_no=4363 ORDER BY register_no ASCSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Lepus' AND (junior_species='capensis' OR junior_species='capensis')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Lepus' AND (species='capensis' OR species='capensis') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Lepus' AND (species='capensis' OR species='capensis')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Lepus' AND (junior_species='capensis' OR junior_species='capensis')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Lepus' AND (species='capensis' OR species='capensis') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Canis' AND (junior_species='mesomelas' OR junior_species='mesomelas')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Canis' AND (species='mesomelas' OR species='mesomelas') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Canis' AND (junior_species='mesomelas' OR junior_species='mesomelas')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Canis' AND (species='mesomelas' OR species='mesomelas') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Ictonyx' AND (junior_species='striatus' OR junior_species='striatus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Ictonyx' AND (species='striatus' OR species='striatus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Ictonyx' AND (junior_species='striatus' OR junior_species='striatus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Ictonyx' AND (species='striatus' OR species='striatus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Genetta' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Genetta' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Genetta' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Genetta' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Genetta' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Herpestes' AND (junior_species='ichneumon' OR junior_species='ichneumon')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Herpestes' AND (species='ichneumon' OR species='ichneumon') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Herpestes' AND (junior_species='ichneumon' OR junior_species='ichneumon')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Herpestes' AND (species='ichneumon' OR species='ichneumon') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Hyaenidae' AND (junior_species='indet.' OR junior_species='indet.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Hyaenidae' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Hyaenidae' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Hyaenidae' AND (junior_species='indet.' OR junior_species='indet.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Hyaenidae' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Loxodonta' AND (junior_species='africana' OR junior_species='africana')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Loxodonta' AND (species='africana' OR species='africana') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Loxodonta' AND (junior_species='africana' OR junior_species='africana')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Loxodonta' AND (species='africana' OR species='africana') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Rhinocerotidae' AND (junior_species='indet.' OR junior_species='indet.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Rhinocerotidae' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Rhinocerotidae' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Rhinocerotidae' AND (junior_species='indet.' OR junior_species='indet.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Rhinocerotidae' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Hippopotamus' AND (junior_species='amphibius' OR junior_species='amphibius')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Hippopotamus' AND (species='amphibius' OR species='amphibius') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Hippopotamus' AND (junior_species='amphibius' OR junior_species='amphibius')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Hippopotamus' AND (species='amphibius' OR species='amphibius') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Raphicerus' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Raphicerus' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Raphicerus' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Raphicerus' AND (junior_species='sp.' OR junior_species='sp.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Raphicerus' AND (species='sp.' OR species='sp.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Alcelaphini' AND (junior_species='indet.' OR junior_species='indet.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Alcelaphini' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Alcelaphini' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Alcelaphini' AND (junior_species='indet.' OR junior_species='indet.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Alcelaphini' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Redunca' AND (junior_species='arundinum' OR junior_species='arundinum')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Redunca' AND (species='arundinum' OR species='arundinum') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Redunca' AND (species='arundinum' OR species='arundinum')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Redunca' AND (junior_species='arundinum' OR junior_species='arundinum')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Redunca' AND (species='arundinum' OR species='arundinum') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Tragelaphus' AND (junior_species='strepsiceros' OR junior_species='strepsiceros')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Tragelaphus' AND (species='strepsiceros' OR species='strepsiceros') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Tragelaphus' AND (junior_species='strepsiceros' OR junior_species='strepsiceros')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Tragelaphus' AND (species='strepsiceros' OR species='strepsiceros') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Pelorovis' AND (junior_species='antiquus' OR junior_species='antiquus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Pelorovis' AND (species='antiquus' OR species='antiquus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Pelorovis' AND (species='antiquus' OR species='antiquus')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Pelorovis' AND (junior_species='antiquus' OR junior_species='antiquus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Pelorovis' AND (species='antiquus' OR species='antiquus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Pternistis' AND (junior_species='capensis' OR junior_species='capensis')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Pternistis' AND (species='capensis' OR species='capensis') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Pternistis' AND (species='capensis' OR species='capensis')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Pternistis' AND (junior_species='capensis' OR junior_species='capensis')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Pternistis' AND (species='capensis' OR species='capensis') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Francolinus' AND (junior_species='africanus' OR junior_species='africanus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Francolinus' AND (species='africanus' OR species='africanus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Francolinus' AND (species='africanus' OR species='africanus')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Francolinus' AND (junior_species='africanus' OR junior_species='africanus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Francolinus' AND (species='africanus' OR species='africanus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Columba' AND (junior_species='guinea' OR junior_species='guinea')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Columba' AND (species='guinea' OR species='guinea') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Columba' AND (species='guinea' OR species='guinea')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Columba' AND (junior_species='guinea' OR junior_species='guinea')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Columba' AND (species='guinea' OR species='guinea') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Picidae' AND (junior_species='indet.' OR junior_species='indet.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Picidae' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Picidae' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Picidae' AND (junior_species='indet.' OR junior_species='indet.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Picidae' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Motacillidae' AND (junior_species='indet.' OR junior_species='indet.')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Motacillidae' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Motacillidae' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Motacillidae' AND (junior_species='indet.' OR junior_species='indet.')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Motacillidae' AND (species='indet.' OR species='indet.') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Onychognathus' AND (junior_species='morio' OR junior_species='morio')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Onychognathus' AND (species='morio' OR species='morio') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Onychognathus' AND (species='morio' OR species='morio')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Onychognathus' AND (junior_species='morio' OR junior_species='morio')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Onychognathus' AND (species='morio' OR species='morio') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Passer' AND (junior_species='melanurus' OR junior_species='melanurus')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Passer' AND (species='melanurus' OR species='melanurus') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Passer' AND (species='melanurus' OR species='melanurus')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Passer' AND (junior_species='melanurus' OR junior_species='melanurus')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Passer' AND (species='melanurus' OR species='melanurus') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Serinus' AND (junior_species='flaviventris' OR junior_species='flaviventris')SELECT s.*,r.* FROM sizes s,refs r WHERE s.ref_no=r.ref_no AND measurement='body mass' AND genus='Serinus' AND (species='flaviventris' OR species='flaviventris') ORDER BY measurement,sex,last_names,yearSELECT *,0 AS individuals FROM crc WHERE genus='Serinus' AND (species='flaviventris' OR species='flaviventris')SELECT senior_genus genus,senior_species species FROM itis WHERE junior_genus='Serinus' AND (junior_species='flaviventris' OR junior_species='flaviventris')SELECT d.diet,d.diet_2,r.ref_no,r.last_names,r.year FROM diets d,refs r WHERE d.ref_no=r.ref_no AND genus='Serinus' AND (species='flaviventris' OR species='flaviventris') ORDER BY year,last_namesSELECT * FROM register WHERE sample_no=4363 The Ecological Register: Duinefontein 2 Horizon 3
Duinefontein 2 Horizon 3
Basic information
Sample name: Duinefontein 2 Horizon 3

Reference: S. Stanc, A.-D. Stanica, L. Bejenaru, and M. Danu. 2021. Archaeological animal remains from Noviodunum fortress. International Journal of Conservation Science 12(1):195-204 [ER 3952]
Geography
Country: South Africa

State: Western Cape


Coordinate: 33° 38' 50" S, 18° 25' 43" E
Coordinate basis: based on nearby landmark

Time interval: Middle Pleistocene

Unit number: 3

Unit order: above to below

Min Ma: 0.29

Age basis: OSL

Geography comments: "on the property of the Koeberg Nature Reserve, adjacent to the Koeberg Nuclear Power Station, about 35 km north of Cape Town" (coordinate based on Koeberg Nature Reserve)
dating was buy a "tedious sub-technique" of OSL "known informally as the 'subtraction method'"
a date of "roughly 290 ky" is for sediment "betwen Horizons 2 and 3", so it is a minimum
the entire site is thought to be Late Acheulean and therefore Middle Pleistocene

•
Environment
Lithology: sandstone

Taphonomic context: aeolian deposit

Archaeology: stone tools,other artifacts

Habitat comments: "stratified within a 10-m thick dune plume" and specifically a "paleosurface" that is "110-120 cm from the present surface" and like Horizon 2 represents the margin of "a large interdunal marsh or pond"
the lithology is "fine white drift sands"
there is no direct discussion of the taphonomy of Horizon 3, so the accumulation agent is unclear
it it not clear from the text whether any stone artefacts are present in Horizon 3, but it is strongly implied that they are, and there is a "humanly introduced lump of red ochreous pigment (hematite)"

Methods
Life forms: carnivores,ungulates,other small mammals,birds

Sampling methods: quarry

Sample size: 96 specimens

Years: 1975, 1997 - 2001

Sampling comments: the initial excavations of Horizon 3 were in 1975, when it was discovered, and were resumed between 1997 and 2001
it is not clear whether micromammals, frogs, or tortoises are present in this layer

Metadata
Sample number: 4363

Contributor: John Alroy

Enterer: John Alroy

Created: 2023-08-30 20:45:31

Modified: 2023-08-30 10:48:17

Abundance distribution
22 species
10 singletons
total count 96
extrapolated richness: 55.5
Fisher's α: 8.928
geometric series k: 0.8596
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.8741
Shannon's H: 2.4788
Good's u: 0.8967
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts.
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Register
Lepus capensis24
Canis mesomelas17.9 kg carnivore
Ictonyx striatus16753 g invertivore-carnivore
Genetta sp.1
Herpestes ichneumon12.9 kg carnivore-insectivore
Hyaenidae indet.2
Loxodonta africana12731 kg browser-grazer
Rhinocerotidae indet.3
Hippopotamus amphibius21107 kg grazer
Raphicerus sp.8
Alcelaphini indet.1
"extinct"
Redunca arundinum2 grazer
Tragelaphus strepsiceros11189 kg browser-grazer
Pelorovis antiquus4
Pternistis capensis8
Francolinus cf. africanus1423 g
Columba guinea1352 g omnivore
Picidae indet.1
questionably referred
Motacillidae indet.1
Onychognathus morio1138 g omnivore
Passer melanurus429.5 g
Serinus flaviventris216.2 g