Barranco Léon
Basic information
Sample name: Barranco Léon
Sample aka: BL
Reference: L. A. Courtenay, J. Yravedra, D. Herranz-Rodrigo, J. J. Rodríguez-Alba, A. Serrano-Ramos, V. Estaca-Gómez, D. Gonzâlez-Aguilera, J. A. Solano, and J. M. Jiménez-Arenas. 2023. Deciphering carnivoran competition for animal resources at the 1.46 Ma early Pleistocene site of Barranco Leon (Orce, Granada, Spain). Quaternary Science Reviews 300:107912 [ER 3970]
Geography
Country: Spain
State: Granada
Coordinate: 37.72° N, -2.45° W
Coordinate basis: estimated from map
Time interval: Early Pleistocene
Ma: 1.46
Age basis: ESR
Geography comments: "in proximity with the town of Orce" (shown on the map of Fig. 1 as about 2 km due east of Orce; coordinate estimated from Google map, which shows the site)
"The present study focuses on the taphonomic analysis of the richest of these layers, level D1 (BL-D1), dated at 1.46 ± 0.19 Ma using Electron Spin Resonance"
"The present study focuses on the taphonomic analysis of the richest of these layers, level D1 (BL-D1), dated at 1.46 ± 0.19 Ma using Electron Spin Resonance"
Environment
Lithology: conglomerate
Taphonomic context: carnivore accumulation,human accumulation,lake deposit
Archaeology: stone tools
Habitat comments: "on the palaeoshoreline of the Guadix-Baza lake"
"characterised by sandy gravels, product of a sudden event producing high-energy currents"
"The lithic assemblage of BL is mostly comprised of local flint and micritic limestone tools, typical of the Oldowan technocomplex"
"an intense degree of fragmentation and fractured bones. Cut and percussion marks appear on a wide array of taxa, of all sizes, while carnivoran alterations are inter-mixed alongside anthropogenic alterations" but carnivores may "have had a more secondary access to faunal remains"
"characterised by sandy gravels, product of a sudden event producing high-energy currents"
"The lithic assemblage of BL is mostly comprised of local flint and micritic limestone tools, typical of the Oldowan technocomplex"
"an intense degree of fragmentation and fractured bones. Cut and percussion marks appear on a wide array of taxa, of all sizes, while carnivoran alterations are inter-mixed alongside anthropogenic alterations" but carnivores may "have had a more secondary access to faunal remains"
Methods
Life forms: carnivores,ungulates,other small mammals,turtles
Sampling methods: quarry
Sample size: 2312 specimens
Years: 2016 - 2020
Sampling comments: "excavated between the years 2016 and 2020"
Metadata
Sample number: 4381
Contributor: John Alroy
Enterer: John Alroy
Created: 2023-11-29 20:34:03
Modified: 2023-11-29 09:34:03
Abundance distribution
21 species
3 singletons
total count 2312
geometric series index: 27.9
Fisher's α: 3.188
geometric series k: 0.7012
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.6838
Shannon's H: 1.6844
Good's u: 0.9987
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts.
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Register
| Mammuthus meridionalis | 11 | |
| Stephanorhinus etruscus | 98 | |
| Equus suessenbornensis | 27 | |
| Equus altidens | 122 | |
| plus 553 Equus | ||
| Hippopotamus antiquus | 395 | |
| Bison sp. | 69 | |
| plus 29 Bovidae | ||
| Capra alba | 66 | |
| Ammotragus europaeus | 1 | |
| Metacervoceros rhenanus | 134 | |
| plus 77 Cervidae | ||
| Praemegaceros cf. verticornis | 102 | |
| Canis mosbachensis | 7 | |
| Canis (Xenocyon) lycanoides | 2 | |
| "Xenocyon lycaonoides" | ||
| Vulpes cf. alopecoides | 6 | |
| "Vulpes cf. praeglacialis": plus 5 Canidae | ||
| Pachycrocuta brevirostris | 5 | |
| Megantereon whitei | 1 | |
| Lynx cf. pardinus | 1 | 11 kg |
| plus 1 Felidae | ||
| Meles meles | 3 | 11 kg invertivore-herbivore |
| plus 1 Mustelidae | ||
| Pannonictis sp. | 2 | |
| Ursus etruscus | 10 | |
| plus 10 Carnivora | ||
| Oryctolagus lacosti | 38 | |
| Testudines indet. | 1212 | |
| "Chelonia" | ||