Raj Cave (layer 4)
Basic information
Sample name: Raj Cave (layer 4)
Sample aka: Paradise Cave
Reference: M. Patou-Mathis. 2004. Subsistence behaviours in a Middle Palaeolithic site in Poland: the Raj Cave. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 14:244-255 [ER 3091]
Geography
Country: Poland
Coordinate: 50° 44' 22" N, 20° 30' 12" E
Coordinate basis: based on nearby landmark
Time interval: Late Pleistocene
Section: 3091
Unit number: 1
Unit order: below to above
Max Ma: 0.05
Min Ma: 0.043
Age basis: radiocarbon
Geography comments: "in the Bobrzyska Valley, near Kielce"
this is the same as Paradise Cave (basis of coordinate)
"The two cultural layers are dated between 50,000 and 43,000 years ago (Kowalski, 1972a)", apparently meaning based on radiocarbon dates
this is the same as Paradise Cave (basis of coordinate)
"The two cultural layers are dated between 50,000 and 43,000 years ago (Kowalski, 1972a)", apparently meaning based on radiocarbon dates
Environment
Lithology: claystone
Taphonomic context: cave,human accumulation
Archaeology: stone tools
Habitat comments: "brown or grey brown sandy clay with a small admixture of limestone rubble"
in layer 4, "scavenging is probable but hunting cannot be totally excluded... In both cultural layers" tools indicate "that debitage took place on site"
in layer 4, "scavenging is probable but hunting cannot be totally excluded... In both cultural layers" tools indicate "that debitage took place on site"
Methods
Life forms: carnivores,ungulates
Sampling methods: quarry
Sample size: 70 specimens
Sampling comments: the collection was apparently made between discovery of the cave in 1963 and publication of the 1972 monograph by Kowalski
Mustela nivalis, Lepus timidus, and Ochotona pusilla are present but not counted
Mustela nivalis, Lepus timidus, and Ochotona pusilla are present but not counted
Metadata
Sample number: 3369
Contributor: John Alroy
Enterer: John Alroy
Created: 2019-08-27 11:50:18
Modified: 2023-04-29 00:49:49
Abundance distribution
9 species
2 singletons
total count 70
geometric series index: 14.7
Fisher's α: 2.747
geometric series k: 0.6655
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.7337
Shannon's H: 1.6341
Good's u: 0.9714
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts.
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Register
| Equus ferus ferus | 6 | 422 kg |
| "Equus caballus": hunted wild horses | ||
| Bovini indet. | 3 | |
| Bos or Bison | ||
| Cervus elaphus | 3 | 104 kg |
| Rangifer tarandus | 23 | 69 kg browser |
| †Ursus spelaeus | 26 | |
| Canis lupus | 3 | 43 kg carnivore |
| Crocuta sp. | 4 | |
| "Crocuta crocuta": possibly C. spelaea | ||
| †Panthera spelaea | 1 | |
| Felis silvestris | 1 | 4.5 kg carnivore |