Haystack Cave (upper levels)
Basic information
Sample name: Haystack Cave (upper levels)
Sample aka: 5GN 189
Reference: S. D. Emslie. 1986. Late Pleistocene vertebrates from Gunnison County, Colorado. Journal of Paleontology 60(1):170-176 [ER 3116]
Geography
Country: United States
State: Colorado
County: Gunnison
Coordinate: 38.48° N, -107.17° W
Coordinate basis: stated in text
Time interval: Pleistocene - Holocene
Section: 3116
Unit number: 1
Unit order: above to below
Max Ma: 0.014935
Min Ma: 0.012154
Age basis: radiocarbon (uncalibrated)
Geography comments: NE1/4, SE1/4 of sec. 27, T49N, R3W"
there are "Two carbon 14 dates... based on bone apatite of unidentifiable fragments from levels 3 and 4 and 5 and 6", the first being 14,935 +/- 610 B.P. and the second being "less accurate due to lesser amounts of available bone" and 12,154 +/- 1,700 B.P. (presumed to be uncalibrated because errors are symmetrically distributed)
upper levels (1 to 3) are "disturbed" and possibly Holocene because no extinct fauna are present
there are "Two carbon 14 dates... based on bone apatite of unidentifiable fragments from levels 3 and 4 and 5 and 6", the first being 14,935 +/- 610 B.P. and the second being "less accurate due to lesser amounts of available bone" and 12,154 +/- 1,700 B.P. (presumed to be uncalibrated because errors are symmetrically distributed)
upper levels (1 to 3) are "disturbed" and possibly Holocene because no extinct fauna are present
Environment
Lithology: not described
Taphonomic context: bird accumulation,cave,rodent accumulation
Habitat comments: "a small volcanic lava tube"
"cultural remains are distinct only in the upper two levels (40 cm)... deposition of bone in the lower levels probably is due to natural rather than cultural processes... bone deposition probably resulted from carnivores using the cave as a den, rodents (especially woodrats) dragging bones into the cave and nesting there, and birds roosting there... carnivores... may have been the primary source of bone deposition"
"cultural remains are distinct only in the upper two levels (40 cm)... deposition of bone in the lower levels probably is due to natural rather than cultural processes... bone deposition probably resulted from carnivores using the cave as a den, rodents (especially woodrats) dragging bones into the cave and nesting there, and birds roosting there... carnivores... may have been the primary source of bone deposition"
Methods
Life forms: carnivores,rodents,ungulates,other small mammals,birds,lizards
Sampling methods: quarry,screenwash
Sample size: 156 specimens
Sampling comments: "All matrix was screened through one-quarter-inch screen"
Metadata
Sample number: 3403
Contributor: John Alroy
Enterer: John Alroy
Created: 2019-08-30 13:11:05
Modified: 2023-05-30 00:26:20
Abundance distribution
17 species
9 singletons
total count 156
geometric series index: 42.1
Fisher's α: 4.857
geometric series k: 0.7841
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.7992
Shannon's H: 1.9576
Good's u: 0.9424
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts.
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Register
| Sceloporus undulatus | 1 | |
| Buteo sp. | 1 | |
| Ochotona princeps | 9 | 157 g |
| Sylvilagus sp. | 4 | |
| Lepus sp. | 16 | |
| Marmota flaviventris | 42 | |
| Urocitellus richardsonii | 49 | 251 g |
| "Spermophilus richardsonii" | ||
| Thomomys sp. | 10 | |
| Peromyscus cf. maniculatus | 1 | 19.1 g |
| Neotoma cinerea | 1 | 240 g |
| indeterminate Neotoma specimens are also present | ||
| Microtus sp. | 1 | |
| Canis latrans | 1 | 12 kg carnivore-insectivore |
| Vulpes vulpes | 1 | 5.3 kg carnivore-insectivore |
| Neogale frenata | 1 | 144 g carnivore |
| "Mustela frenata" | ||
| Taxidea taxus | 1 | 7.0 kg carnivore |
| Odocoileus hemionus | 2 | 65 kg browser |
| Ovis canadensis | 15 | 55 kg |