Sehonghong (RBL/CLBRF)
Basic information
Sample name: Sehonghong (RBL/CLBRF)

Reference: I. Plug and P. Mitchell. 2008. Sehonghong: hunter-gatherer utilization of animal resources in the highlands of Lesotho. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 45:31-53 [ER 3742]
Geography
Country: Lesotho

State: Thaba-Tseka



Coordinate: 29° 46' S, 28° 47' E
Coordinate basis: stated in text

Time interval: Late Pleistocene

Section: 3742

Unit number: 7

Unit order: above to below

Max Ma: 0.01247

Min Ma: 0.01241

Age basis: radiocarbon (uncalibrated)

Geography comments: "Sehonghong is a large rock-shelter on the banks of the Sehonghong River, close to its confluence with the Senqu (Orange/Gariep) in the Thaba Tseka District of the highlands of Lesotho. The site lies at an elevation of 1800 m above sea level".
Two radiocarbon dates on Layers RBL/CLBRF range from 12,470 ± 100 BP to 12,410 ± 45 BP.

Environment
Lithology: ash

Taphonomic context: human accumulation,rock shelter

Archaeology: hearths,stone tools,other structures

Habitat comments: "The RBL/CLBRF (Red Brown Loam/Carbonaceous Loams Below Rock Fall) layers comprise brown, compost-like light loamy soils with high macroplant contents and ashy charcoal-rich loams. They contained several heavy red ochre-stained grindstones. Its lithic assemblage has been assigned to the Robberg Industry". Hearths are present throughout all of the Pleistocene layers, with one from Layers RBL/CLBRF having an "elaborate stone setting around it".
"While not all of the animal remains in the deposit would have been accumulated by people, the intense degree of fragmentation and burning that characterizes the Sehonghong assemblages strongly suggests that people were responsible for acquiring almost all of the faunal remains".

Methods
Life forms: carnivores,rodents,ungulates,other large mammals,other small mammals,birds,lizards,frogs,fishes,clams

Sampling methods: quarry,screenwash

Sample size: 438 specimens

Sampled by: P. Mitchell

Years: 1992

Sampling comments: "The primary excavation of the site was conducted by P. Mitchell in 1992. All sediment removed from the deposits was dry-sieved through a 1.5 mm mesh".

Metadata
Sample number: 3985

Contributor: Benjamin Carter

Enterer: Benjamin Carter

Created: 2022-08-25 16:07:26

Modified: 2023-05-30 01:41:08

Abundance distribution
31 species
6 singletons
total count 438
geometric series index: 48.0
Fisher's α: 7.619
geometric series k: 0.8513
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.8770
Shannon's H: 2.6044
Good's u: 0.9864
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts.
Register
Soricidae indet.7
"Shrew"
Canis cf. mesomelas17.9 kg carnivore
Herpestidae indet.4
Caracal caracal112 kg carnivore
Panthera pardus133 kg carnivore
also 1 Carnivora indet.
Equus capensis2
Equus quagga25279 kg grazer
Procavia capensis1252.8 kg browser
Phacochoerus africanus182 kg grazer-browser
also 1 Suidae indet.
Connochaetes gnou22 grazer
Alcelaphus buselaphus1143 kg grazer-browser
also 19 Alcelaphinae indet.
Damaliscus pygargus983 kg grazer-browser
Sylvicapra grimmia513 kg browser-grazer
Antidorcas marsupialis440 kg browser-grazer
Oreotragus oreotragus3 browser-grazer
Ourebia ourebi214 kg grazer-browser
Raphicerus campestris109.7 kg browser-grazer
Pelea capreolus1616 kg grazer
Hippotragus cf. leucophaeus1
Hippotragus equinus11246 kg grazer
also 1 Hippotragus sp.
Taurotragus oryx44393 kg browser-grazer
"Tragelaphus oryx"
Redunca fulvorufula229 kg
also 286 Bovidae indet.
Hystrix africaeaustralis1415 kg browser
Otomys cf. irroratus42
also 194 Otomys sp. and 58 Rodentia indet.
Lagomorpha indet.8
Aves indet.34
including 4 "Francolins"
Pseudocordylus melanotus2
also 2 Pseudocordylus sp. and 13 Lacertilia indet.
Pyxicephalus adspersus2
also 24 Anura indet.
Unio caffer3
also 52 Unionidae indet.
Labeobarbus aeneus31
also 166 Labeoninae indet.
Austroglanis sclateri5
also 6 Fish indet.