Gran Dolina (TD6.3)
Basic information
Sample name: Gran Dolina (TD6.3)
Sample aka: Atapuerca
Reference: P. Saladié, P. Fernândez, A. Rodrígeuz-Hidalgo, R. Huguet, A. Pineda, I. Câceres, . Marín, J. Vallverdù, and E. Carbonell. 2019. The TD6.3 faunal assemblage of the Gran Dolina site (Atapuerca, Spain): a late Early Pleistocene hyena den. Historical Biology 31(6):665-683 [ER 3981]
Geography
Country: Spain
State: Burgos
Coordinate: 42° 21' 9" N, 3° 31' 6" W
Coordinate basis: based on nearby landmark
Time interval: Early Pleistocene
Ma: 0.96
Age basis: thermoluminescence
Geography comments: "in the Railway Trench (Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain)" (coordinate based on Gran Dolina in Atapuerca)
"Magnetic polarity dating has situated layer TD6 in the Matuyama Chron... Combined with ESR and uranium series, these results show an age of between 780 and 857 ka" but "The most recent thermo-luminescence and infrared stimulated luminescence data suggest an age of 960 ± 120 k"
"Magnetic polarity dating has situated layer TD6 in the Matuyama Chron... Combined with ESR and uranium series, these results show an age of between 780 and 857 ka" but "The most recent thermo-luminescence and infrared stimulated luminescence data suggest an age of 960 ± 120 k"
Environment
Lithology: not described
Taphonomic context: carnivore accumulation,cave,human accumulation
Archaeology: stone tools
Habitat comments: "The first bedset of 1 m thick of TD6.3 contains lenticular bed-forms. The second bedset is 1 m thick and contains channelized and wedge-shaped bedform strata (talus-rock fall)" so this is interpreted as a cave
"more than 50 stone tools" were found plus 11 coprolites
"the main contribution was made by large carnivores, although the presence of stone tools and cut marks also point to the presence of hominins in the cave or its vicinity" and "hominins" were "agents" involved in the assemblage formation
"Porcupines and bears could also have participated as bone modifiers and accumulators"
37.3% of the bones are carnivore-modified
"more than 50 stone tools" were found plus 11 coprolites
"the main contribution was made by large carnivores, although the presence of stone tools and cut marks also point to the presence of hominins in the cave or its vicinity" and "hominins" were "agents" involved in the assemblage formation
"Porcupines and bears could also have participated as bone modifiers and accumulators"
37.3% of the bones are carnivore-modified
Methods
Life forms: carnivores,rodents,ungulates
Sampling methods: quarry
Sample size: 404 specimens
Sampling comments: "excavated" (year not stated)
Metadata
Sample number: 4396
Contributor: John Alroy
Enterer: John Alroy
Created: 2023-12-06 12:19:37
Modified: 2023-12-06 01:19:37
Abundance distribution
13 species
1 singleton
total count 404
geometric series index: 15.9
Fisher's α: 2.567
geometric series k: 0.6363
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.6560
Shannon's H: 1.6296
Good's u: 0.9975
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts.
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Register
| †Bison cf. schoetensacki | 26 | |
| "Bison cf. voigtstedtensis": see van Asperen and Kahlke (2017) | ||
| †Eucladoceros giulii | 25 | |
| "Eucladoceros guilii" | ||
| †Equus altidens | 47 | |
| †Stephanorhinus etruscus | 11 | |
| Cervus elaphus | 227 | 104 kg |
| compared to subspecies acoronatus; plus 124 Cervidae indet. "medium size" | ||
| Sus scrofa | 1 | 54 kg herbivore |
| Crocuta sp. | 19 | |
| "Crocuta crocuta" | ||
| †Ursus dolinensis | 15 | |
| †Canis mosbachensis | 6 | |
| plus 23 Carnivora | ||
| Castor fiber | 9 | |
| †Hystrix refossa | 10 | |
| †Vulpes alopecoides | 6 | |
| "Vulpes praeglacialis" | ||
| Meles sp. | 2 | |