Prolom II
Basic information
Sample name: Prolom II
Reference: J. G. Enloe, F. David, and G. Baryshnikov. 2000. Hyenas and hunters: zooarchaeological investigations at Prolom II Cave, Crimea. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 10(5):310-324 [ER 3098]
Geography
Country: Ukraine
Coordinate: 45° 3' N, 34° 36' E
Coordinate basis: based on nearby landmark
Time interval: Late Pleistocene
Max Ma: 0.135
Min Ma: 0.06
Age basis: zone
Geography comments: "a collapsed cave located on the left bank of the Kuchuk-Karasu River", which is a few km northeast of Bilohirsk (basis of coordinate)
assigned to the "first half of the Würm glacial period, occurring approximately 135000 - 60000 years ago" based on "faunal composition and dental measurements on carnivores and horses"
assigned to the "first half of the Würm glacial period, occurring approximately 135000 - 60000 years ago" based on "faunal composition and dental measurements on carnivores and horses"
Environment
Lithology: not described
Taphonomic context: carnivore accumulation,cave
Archaeology: stone tools
Habitat comments: there are "eight horizons" and "four cultural layers" with fossils and numerous Middle Palaeolithic stone tools mostly concentrated in the lower part, but there are only "a few" fossils indicating "human hunting or modification" and "The human contribution to the faunal assemblage appears to be minimal" and hyenas were "the main agent for the accumulation and modification of the material"
Methods
Life forms: carnivores,ungulates,other small mammals
Sampling methods: quarry
Sample size: 6116 specimens
Sampling comments: excavated "beginning in 1977" and "reported by Stepanchuk in 1993"
Metadata
Sample number: 3381
Contributor: John Alroy
Enterer: John Alroy
Created: 2019-08-27 22:36:19
Modified: 2023-02-24 12:12:12
Abundance distribution
18 species
2 singletons
total count 6116
extrapolated richness: 20.9
Fisher's α: 2.280
geometric series k: 0.6206
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.6739
Shannon's H: 1.6930
Good's u: 0.9997
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts.
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Register
| Mammuthus primigenius | 126 | |
| Bison priscus | 176 | |
| Caprinae indet. | 1 | |
| Ovis or Capra | ||
| Saiga tatarica | 3327 | 28 kg |
| Megaloceros giganteus | 20 | |
| Cervus elaphus | 32 | 104 kg |
| Sus scrofa | 10 | 54 kg herbivore |
| Coelodonta antiquitatis | 85 | |
| "Rhinoceros antiquitatis" | ||
| Equus ferus latipes | 725 | 422 kg |
| "Equus latipes" | ||
| Equus hemionus hydruntinus | 172 | grazer |
| "Equus hydruntinus" | ||
| Canis lupus | 119 | 43 kg carnivore |
| Vulpes vulpes | 154 | 5.3 kg carnivore-insectivore |
| Vulpes corsac | 535 | |
| Vulpes lagopus | 42 | 3.3 kg |
| Crocuta spelaea | 391 | |
| Panthera spelaea | 1 | |
| Ursus spelaeus | 196 | |
| Lepus sp. | 4 | |