Sample name: Garumele (context 1)

Sample aka: Widi

Reference: V. Linseele and A. Haour. 2010. Animal remains from medieval Garumele, Niger. Journal of African Archaeology 8(2):167-184 [ER 3366]

Lithology: sandstone

Taphonomic context: human accumulation

Archaeology: bone tools,ceramics,metal tools,stone tools

Habitat comments: "a three-kilometre-long enclosure of unfired bricks called tubali, and within it sparse brick fragments, apparently remains of the structures of baked red brick known to have once existed on the site"
the top three "contexts" in the section were "made up of fine gray and grayish brown sand, with at times high ash content and sporadic darker or lighter soil patches relating either to decayed archaeological materials or to post-depositional activity... Pottery, beads, small items of metal, bone and charcoal occurred throughout the sequence; spindle whorls, grinding stones, fired brick and shell were also recovered. No living structures or burials were noted"

Life forms: ungulates,birds,frogs,fishes,clams,snails

Sampling methods: quarry,screenwash

Sample size: 220 specimens

Years: 2005

Sampling comments: "A test excavation (initially 5x2 m, its sized reduced as work progressed in order to ensure the stability of the trench walls) was carried out through one of the numerous mounds within the tubali enclosure... All soil was sieved through a one-millimetre mesh"
sampling was "in September 2005"

Sample number: 3722

Contributor: John Alroy

Enterer: John Alroy

Created: 2020-11-30 15:39:31

Modified: 2020-11-30 04:39:31