Raj Cave (layer 6)
Basic information
Sample name: Raj Cave (layer 6)
Sample aka: Paradise Cave
Reference: M. Patou-Mathis. 2004. Subsistence behaviours in a Middle Palaeolithic site in Poland: the Raj Cave. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 14:244-255 [ER 3091]
Geography
Country: Poland
Coordinate: 50° 44' 22" N, 20° 30' 12" E
Coordinate basis: based on nearby landmark
Time interval: Late Pleistocene
Section: 3091
Unit number: 2
Unit order: below to above
Max Ma: 0.05
Min Ma: 0.043
Age basis: radiocarbon
Geography comments: "in the Bobrzyska Valley, near Kielce"
this is the same as Paradise Cave (basis of coordinate)
"The two cultural layers are dated between 50,000 and 43,000 years ago (Kowalski, 1972a)", apparently meaning based on radiocarbon dates
this is the same as Paradise Cave (basis of coordinate)
"The two cultural layers are dated between 50,000 and 43,000 years ago (Kowalski, 1972a)", apparently meaning based on radiocarbon dates
Environment
Lithology: claystone
Taphonomic context: cave,human accumulation
Archaeology: stone tools
Habitat comments: "dark-brown sandy clay with a small amount of limestone rubble"
in layer 4, "the acquisition of fauna" was by hunting and "In both cultural layers" tools indicate "that debitage took place on site"
in layer 4, "the acquisition of fauna" was by hunting and "In both cultural layers" tools indicate "that debitage took place on site"
Methods
Life forms: carnivores,ungulates
Sampling methods: quarry
Sample size: 283 specimens
Sampling comments: the collection was apparently made between discovery of the cave in 1963 and publication of the 1972 monograph by Kowalski
Mustela nivalis, Mustela putorius, Lepus timidus, and Ochotona pusilla are present but not counted
Mustela nivalis, Mustela putorius, Lepus timidus, and Ochotona pusilla are present but not counted
Metadata
Sample number: 3370
Contributor: John Alroy
Enterer: John Alroy
Created: 2019-08-27 11:54:19
Modified: 2023-04-29 00:49:47
Abundance distribution
13 species
1 singleton
total count 283
extrapolated richness: 16.5
Fisher's α: 2.813
geometric series k: 0.6934
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.8136
Shannon's H: 1.9487
Good's u: 0.9965
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts.
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Register
| Equus ferus ferus | 62 | 422 kg |
| "Equus caballus": hunted wild horses | ||
| Bovini indet. | 26 | |
| Bos or Bison | ||
| Coelodonta antiquitatis | 4 | |
| Mammuthus primigenius | 10 | |
| Alces alces | 4 | 421 kg herbivore |
| Cervus elaphus | 2 | 104 kg |
| Rangifer tarandus | 81 | 69 kg browser |
| Ursus spelaeus | 57 | |
| Canis lupus | 6 | 43 kg carnivore |
| Vulpes vulpes | 10 | 5.3 kg carnivore-insectivore |
| Vulpes lagopus | 4 | 3.3 kg |
| "Alopex lagopus" | ||
| Crocuta sp. | 16 | |
| "Crocuta crocuta": possibly C. spelaea | ||
| Panthera spelaea | 1 | |
Current reference:
Herzog et al. 2003 (ER 1261)