Leopard's Hill Cave (Pre-Nachikufan)
Basic information
Sample name: Leopard's Hill Cave (Pre-Nachikufan)
Reference: R. G. Klein. 1984. Later Stone Age faunal samples from Heuningneskrans Shelter (Transvaal) and Leopard's Hill Cave (Zambia). South African Archaeological Bulletin 39:109-116 [ER 3102]
Geography
Country: Zambia
Coordinate: -15.25° S, 28.45° E
Coordinate basis: stated in text
Time interval: Late Pleistocene
Max Ma: 0.0235
Min Ma: 0.0165
Age basis: radiocarbon
Geography comments: "a dolomite cave on the Zambian plateau roughly 55 km south-east of Lusaka"
"Bracketed between roughly 23 500 and 16 500 B.P. by radiocarbon dates"
"Bracketed between roughly 23 500 and 16 500 B.P. by radiocarbon dates"
Environment
Lithology: not described
Taphonomic context: cave,human accumulation
Archaeology: stone tools
Habitat comments: "3,2 m of deposit overlying weathered bedrock" with this level including "A nondescript 'macrolithic' industry... informally referred to as 'Pre-Nachikufan' or 'Proto-LSA'... the occupants... focused mainly on small and medium-sized ungulates" and "apparently butchered larger animals at the spot where they died and only returned selected parts to the shelter"
Methods
Life forms: carnivores,rodents,ungulates,other large mammals,other small mammals
Sampling methods: quarry
Sample size: 287 specimens
Years: 1958
Metadata
Sample number: 3388
Contributor: John Alroy
Enterer: John Alroy
Created: 2019-08-28 21:04:39
Modified: 2023-02-24 12:09:13
Abundance distribution
21 species
10 singletons
total count 287
extrapolated richness: 51.0
Fisher's α: 5.217
geometric series k: 0.7792
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.6887
Shannon's H: 1.6801
Good's u: 0.9652
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts.
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Register
| Leporidae indet. | 6 | |
| Thryonomys swinderianus | 1 | 5.2 kg |
| Hystrix africaeaustralis | 23 | 15 kg browser |
| Canis sp. | 1 | |
| Otocyon megalotis | 1 | 3.2 kg frugivore-invertivore |
| Mellivora capensis | 4 | 7.7 kg carnivore-invertivore |
| Aonyx capensis | 2 | 14 kg invertivore-carnivore |
| Herpestes ichneumon | 1 | 2.9 kg carnivore-insectivore |
| Mungos mungo | 3 | 1.5 kg insectivore-carnivore |
| Crocuta crocuta | 1 | 66 kg carnivore |
| Felidae indet. | 6 | |
| caracal or serval | ||
| Hyracoidea indet. | 1 | |
| Equus quagga burchellii | 38 | 279 kg grazer |
| "Equus burchelli" | ||
| Hippopotamus amphibius | 1 | 1107 kg grazer |
| Phacochoerus africanus | 147 | 82 kg grazer-browser |
| "Phacochoerus aethiopicus" | ||
| Alcelaphinae indet. | 2 | |
| hartebeest or tsessebe | ||
| Connochaetes taurinus | 43 | 202 kg grazer-browser |
| Eudorcas thomsonii | 1 | 20 kg |
| "Gazella thomsoni" | ||
| Sylvicapra grimmia | 1 | 13 kg browser-grazer |
| Raphicerus sharpei | 3 | |
| Syncerus caffer | 1 | 548 kg grazer-browser |
Current reference:
Herzog et al. 2003 (ER 1261)