Kibogo
Basic information
Sample name: Kibogo
Reference: J. T. Faith, J. Rowan, K. O'Brien, N. Blegen, and D. J. Peppe. 2020. Late Pleistocene mammals from Kibogo, Kenya: Systematic paleontology, paleoenvironments, and non-analog associations. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 40(5):e1841781 [ER 3732]
Geography
Country: Kenya
Coordinate: 0° 16' 40" S, 35° 0' 21" E
Coordinate basis: stated in text
Time interval: Late Pleistocene
Max Ma: 0.036
Min Ma: 0.012
Age basis: other
Geography comments: "The site of Kibogo is located on the Kano Plains of the Nyanza Rift in western Kenya, ∼17 km east of the modern Winam Gulf".
"The position of the underlying Menengai Tuff (dated to 35.62 ± 0.26 ka) indicates a maximum age of 36 ka for the Kibogo fossil assemblage, which is corroborated by associated artifacts from the site. Together with the presence of extinct fauna unknown from Holocene sites in eastern Africa, the Kibogo vertebrate assemblage can be constrained to between 36 and 12 ka".
"The position of the underlying Menengai Tuff (dated to 35.62 ± 0.26 ka) indicates a maximum age of 36 ka for the Kibogo fossil assemblage, which is corroborated by associated artifacts from the site. Together with the presence of extinct fauna unknown from Holocene sites in eastern Africa, the Kibogo vertebrate assemblage can be constrained to between 36 and 12 ka".
Environment
Lithology: conglomerate
Taphonomic context: fluvial deposit,paleosol
Archaeology: stone tools
Habitat comments: "Kibogo provides a large, well-preserved Late Pleistocene mammalian fauna, with the in situ specimens constrained to a single depositional unit".
"Vertebrate remains are eroding from a ∼115 cm-thick deposit of pebble to cobble conglomerate channels into an underlying relatively poorly developed paleosol. There are thousands of fossil specimens on the surface and many others in situ within the fossil-bearing deposit".
"Abundant Later Stone Age (LSA) artifacts, including blades, blade cores, and backed microliths, occur in stratigraphic association with the fauna".
"Vertebrate remains are eroding from a ∼115 cm-thick deposit of pebble to cobble conglomerate channels into an underlying relatively poorly developed paleosol. There are thousands of fossil specimens on the surface and many others in situ within the fossil-bearing deposit".
"Abundant Later Stone Age (LSA) artifacts, including blades, blade cores, and backed microliths, occur in stratigraphic association with the fauna".
Methods
Life forms: carnivores,ungulates
Sampling methods: quarry,surface
Sample size: 321 specimens
Years: 2018
Sampling comments: "Following procedures implemented elsewhere in the region, we surface-collected all cranial and dental remains, as well as taxonomically informative postcrania, during the 2018 field season. Two of the more complete specimens were found in situ, and these were excavated".
"Only those specimens that could be identified to tribe or lower were reported".
"Only those specimens that could be identified to tribe or lower were reported".
Metadata
Sample number: 3961
Contributor: Benjamin Carter
Enterer: Benjamin Carter
Created: 2022-08-10 13:38:21
Modified: 2022-08-10 03:38:21
Abundance distribution
17 species
3 singletons
total count 321
geometric series index: 23.6
Fisher's α: 3.828
geometric series k: 0.7675
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.8488
Shannon's H: 2.1908
Good's u: 0.9907
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts.
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Register
| Panthera pardus | 1 | 33 kg carnivore |
| Ceratotherium simum | 1 | 1479 kg grazer |
| Equus grevyi | 66 | 386 kg |
| Equus quagga | 15 | 279 kg grazer |
| also 36 Equus sp. | ||
| Hippopotamus cf. amphibius | 4 | 1107 kg grazer |
| Phacochoerus sp. | 18 | |
| Syncerus antiquus | 4 | |
| Taurotragus cf. oryx | 6 | 393 kg browser-grazer |
| "Tragelaphus oryx" | ||
| Alcelaphus buselaphus | 69 | 143 kg grazer-browser |
| Connochaetes taurinus | 69 | 202 kg grazer-browser |
| Damaliscus hypsodon | 11 | |
| Megalotragus sp. | 10 | |
| also 43 Alcelaphini indet. | ||
| Eudorcas thomsonii | 25 | 20 kg |
| Hippotragus equinus | 9 | 246 kg grazer |
| Ourebia ourebi | 2 | 14 kg grazer-browser |
| Kobus cf. ellipsiprymnus | 1 | 210 kg grazer-browser |
| Redunca arundinum | 10 | grazer |