Laonainaimiao (Layer 3B)
Basic information
Sample name: Laonainaimiao (Layer 3B)
Sample aka: Grandma Temple
Reference: T. Qu, Y. Chen, O. Bar-Yosef, and Y. Wang. 2018. Late Middle Palaeolithic subsistence in the central plain of China: A zooarchaeological view from the Laonainaimiao site, Henan Province. Asian Perspectives 57(2):210-221 [ER 3734]
Geography
Country: China
State: Henan
Coordinate: 34° 38' 9" N, 113° 35' 4" E
Coordinate basis: stated in text
Time interval: Late Pleistocene
Section: 3734
Unit number: 1
Unit order: above to below
Max Ma: 0.041
Min Ma: 0.04
Age basis: radiocarbon (uncalibrated)
Geography comments: "Laonainaimiao is located in Zhengzhou city, the capital of Henan Province in China, situated along the upper valley of Jialu River, a tributary of Huai River".
"Multiple radiocarbon dates from the bottom to the top of the cultural layers at the site range from 41ka to 40ka" (around 44–45 ka cal. BP).
"Multiple radiocarbon dates from the bottom to the top of the cultural layers at the site range from 41ka to 40ka" (around 44–45 ka cal. BP).
Environment
Lithology: not described
Taphonomic context: human accumulation
Archaeology: hearths,stone tools
Habitat comments: "The overall stratigraphy is about 6 m thick, divided into five layers. Layer 3 is divided into five sub-layers labelled 3A–3F. Layer 3 records fine-grained river floodplain deposits interspersed with drier periods".
"The site has yielded an abundance of animal bones, burnt bones, ostrich eggshells, archaeobotanical remains, and fireplaces, in addition to a wealth of stone artifacts characterized by a small-flake tool industry and possible fire stones (large sandstone rocks distributed near the fireplaces). Most of the exposed fireplaces are concentrated in Layer 3B and Layer 3F, documenting the two most intensive human occupations at this locality".
"The bones from Layer 3F and Layer 3B record a similar taphonomic history. Human activities were mostly responsible for accumulating, damaging and modifying the bones, indicating intensive bone processing and utilization. The role of carnivores and sedimentary activity was very limited".
"The site has yielded an abundance of animal bones, burnt bones, ostrich eggshells, archaeobotanical remains, and fireplaces, in addition to a wealth of stone artifacts characterized by a small-flake tool industry and possible fire stones (large sandstone rocks distributed near the fireplaces). Most of the exposed fireplaces are concentrated in Layer 3B and Layer 3F, documenting the two most intensive human occupations at this locality".
"The bones from Layer 3F and Layer 3B record a similar taphonomic history. Human activities were mostly responsible for accumulating, damaging and modifying the bones, indicating intensive bone processing and utilization. The role of carnivores and sedimentary activity was very limited".
Methods
Life forms: carnivores,rodents,ungulates,other small mammals,birds
Sampling methods: quarry,screenwash
Sample size: 625 specimens
Years: 2011 - 2013
Sampling comments: "Excavations at the site were conducted from 2011-2013 over an area of 90 m2. The area of the site was gridded in 1 x 1 m units and each square was further divided into four 50 x 50 cm sub-squares. Recovered materials larger than 2 cm were piece-plotted. Areas with very dense findings underwent dry-sieving through a 3 mm mesh".
Metadata
Sample number: 3965
Contributor: Benjamin Carter
Enterer: Benjamin Carter
Created: 2022-08-11 13:19:26
Modified: 2023-05-30 01:12:47
Abundance distribution
11 species
4 singletons
total count 625
geometric series index: 20.7
Fisher's α: 1.896
geometric series k: 0.5373
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.3460
Shannon's H: 0.7716
Good's u: 0.9936
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts.
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Register
| Equidae indet. | 499 | |
| Bos primigenius | 72 | |
| Cervidae indet. | 16 | |
| Gazella sp. | 24 | |
| Rhinocerotidae indet. | 1 | |
| Camelus sp. | 1 | |
| Sus scrofa | 3 | 54 kg herbivore |
| Ochotona alpina | 1 | |
| Rodentia indet. | 2 | |
| Carnivora indet. | 5 | |
| 800 Mammalia indet. | ||
| Aves indet. | 1 | |