Mass: 337 kg based on Young 1972

Abundance: 0.04 to 83.70% (median 22.10%)

Latitudinal range: -34.7° to 55.7°

Habitats: (96), Mediterranean woodland (1), desert/xeric shrubland (2), temperate broadleaf/mixed forest (8), tropical/subtropical dry broadleaf forest (10), tropical/subtropical moist broadleaf forest (5), tropical/subtropical savanna (6)

Biogeographic distribution: Palearctic, Central Asia, East Asia, Europe, Southwest Asia

Found in 128 samples

Argentina: Acambuco

Armenia: Godedzor Level II C, Godedzor Level II B, Godedzor Level II A

Australia: Kangaroo Valley (low cattle disturbance), Goonoo State Conservation Area (on-track, pre-baiting), Taunton National Park, Kurrajong (KP1)

Bangladesh: Atora Hill, Rajkandi

Belgium: Hof van Leugenhaeghe

Botswana: Moritsane

Brazil: Una and Arataca (cabruca), Private Reserve of Natural Heritage Recanto das Antas, Catimbau National Park

Canada: Irving-Johnston

China: Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (camera traps), Tawendaliha, Xiariyamakebu, Hunchun National Reserve (winter), Hunchun National Reserve (summer), Wanglang Nature Reserve (2020), Foping National Nature Reserve (2020), Taosi, Zhoujiazhuang, Guandimiao, Muzhuzhuliang

Colombia: Parque Nacional Natural Farallones de Cali (forest)

Denmark: Smakkerup Huse

Ecuador: Refugio de Vida Silvestre Marina y Costera Pacoche

Egypt: Berenike Trogodytika (fort), Berenike Trogodytika (dump), Berenike Trogodytika (gate)

Ethiopia: Harlaa

Hungary: Oltovâny Castle

India: Takalghat, Naikund, Girawad, Khirsara (layer 1), Khirsara (layer 2), Malvan (Period I), Malvan (Period II), Bharatpur and Jagannathprasad, Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary (good habitat area), Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary (poor habitat area), Kunal - Period IA (Pre-Harappan - Layer 6), Kunal - Period IA (Pre-Harappan - Layer 7), Kunal - Period IB (Early Harappan - Layer 5), Vadnagar (Ghaskol Darwaza Area), Vadnagar (Khari Kui (Primary School-3) Area), Mitathal (Layer 2), Mitathal (Layer 3), Chandankhera (Period III: Satavahana), Chandankhera (Period IV: Vakataka), Agiabir (Period I - Narhan culture), Kotada Bhadli, Badmal (Period IB)

Iran: Tappeh Sang-e Chakhmaq (East Mound)

Israel: Qubur al-Walaydah (Field 2), Marj Rabba

Italy: Canale delle Acque Alte (Layer A), Contrada Castro (Period A), Contrada Castro (Period B), Capalbiaccio (Building J, Level III)

Jordan: Khirbat al-Mudayna al-'Aliya

Kazakhstan: Tasbas (Phase 2a), Tasbas (Phase 2b), Tasbas (Phase 3), Begash (Phase 1a), Begash (Phase 1b), Begash (Phase 2), Begash (Phase 3a), Begash (Phase 3b), Begash (Phase 4)

Kenya: Enkapune Ya Muto (RBL1)

Kyrgyzstan: Chap I

Lesotho: Sehonghong (GAP)

Namibia: Waterberg Plateau Park (surrounding flatlands), Waterberg Escarpment

Niger: Garumele (context 1), Garumele (context 2)

Nigeria: Gajiganna A, Gajiganna B

Paraguay: Isla Alta

Poland: Borsuka Cave (Layer II), Sadowie 2 (Neolithic), Sadowie 2 (Early Bronze Age)

Portugal: Torre Velha, Vale do Mouro (Stage 2), Vale do Mouro (Stage 3)

Romania: Noviodunum (TPF sector, Getic period), Noviodunum (TPF sector, Roman period), Noviodunum (TPF sector, Middle Ages)

Senegal: Diouboye

Serbia: Garicin Grad (southeast corner tower, first phase), Garicin Grad (southeast corner tower, second phase)

South Africa: Between George and Karatara

Spain: El Mirador Cave, Fortress of Vilars (sector 7/1), Fortress of Vilars (sector 7/3), Punta Lucero III (Level F), Can Roqueta II

Sudan: Gala Abu Ahmed, Khor Shambat 1 (Neolithic)

Syria: Tell Tuneinir (Area 6 - Market)

Tanzania: Tli’ika, Luxmanda

Togo: Fazao-Malfakassa National Park (dry season), Fazao-Malfakassa National Park (wet season)

Tunisia: Doukanet el Khoutifa, Zita Area III, Square I (Pre-Roman period), Zita Area III, Square I (Roman period), Meninx

Turkey: Koycegiz Wildlife Development Reserve, Ulucak Höyük (Level VI), Ulucak Höyük (Level V), Ulucak Höyük (Level IV)

Turkmenistan: Ojakly

Ukraine: Maidanetske (2013 season)

United Arab Emirates: Early ed-Dur (50 BC - 150 AD), Late ed-Dur (150 - 250 AD), Luluyyah Fort

United States: Davis Mountain Preserve, Blue Grass Army Depot, West of US 287

Uzbekistan: Kara-tepe, Kyzyltepa

Zimbabwe: Ingwezi Game Management Project

♀ body mass	282000 kg	N = 54	Young 1972
♂ body mass	364300 kg	N = 122	Young 1972

See also Bos, Bos baikalensis, Bos gaurus, Bos grunniens, Bos javanicus, Bos mutus, Bos primigenius, Bos sauveli, Bos sp., Bos spp.