El Mirador Cave
Basic information
Sample name: El Mirador Cave
Reference: P. Martín, P. Saladié, J. Nadal, and J. M. Vergès. 2014. Butchered and consumed: Small carnivores from the Holocene levels of El Mirador Cave (Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain). Quaternary International 353:153-169 [ER 3234]
Geography
Country: Spain
State: Burgos
Coordinate: 42.341606° N, -3.507174° W
Coordinate basis: estimated from map
Time interval: Holocene
Max Ma: 0.00721
Min Ma: 0.00685
Age basis: radiocarbon (calibrated)
Geography comments: "The 6 m Holocene sedimentary layers rest directly on top of MIR51/. Four meters are attributed to Neolithic occupations (levels MIR24 to MIR6) occurring between the last third of the 6th millennium and the first half of the 4th cal BC (Vergès et al., 2008), while the remaining 2 m are from the Middle Bronze Age (MIR4 and MIR3A), between the 2nd and 4th quarter of the 2nd millennium cal BC (Vergès et al., 2002) (Table 1)."
Environment
Lithology: siltstone
Taphonomic context: human accumulation
Archaeology: burials,ceramics,stone tools,other artifacts
Habitat comments: This paper mainly focuses on the Holocene succession, which has a maximum height of ~5 m (MIR24-MIR3A)(Vergès et al., 2008; Angelucci et al., 2009). A set of 18 radio-carbon dates reveals that the cave was occupied between the Early Neolithic and the Bronze Age. The Holocene sediments from this trench are composed of“burnt stabling layers” or “fumiers” produced by the periodical combustion of domestic livestock dung (Vergès et al., 2002, 2008; Angelucciet al., 2009)
Methods
Life forms: carnivores,ungulates,other small mammals
Sampling methods: quarry
Sample size: 227 specimens
Sampled by: Vergès
Years: 1999 - 2008
Metadata
Sample number: 3563
Contributor: John Alroy
Enterer: John Alroy
Created: 2019-10-10 14:39:00
Modified: 2019-10-10 03:45:26
Abundance distribution
10 species
2 singletons
total count 227
geometric series index: 14.6
Fisher's α: 2.140
geometric series k: 0.5702
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.5015
Shannon's H: 1.1882
Good's u: 0.9912
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts.
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Register
| Caprinae indet. | 157 | |
| Bos taurus | 11 | 337 kg |
| Equus sp. | 6 | |
| Sus sp. | 22 | |
| Cervus elaphus | 11 | 142 kg browser-grazer |
| Capreolus capreolus | 3 | 22 kg browser |
| Lagomorpha indet. | 12 | |
| Canis lupus familiaris | 3 | 43 kg carnivore |
| "Canis familiaris" | ||
| Vulpes vulpes | 1 | 5.3 kg carnivore-insectivore |
| Felis silvestris | 1 | 4.5 kg carnivore |